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对采用非参数数据包络分析Malmquist指数法计算的中国对外直接投资各行业全要素生产率及其分解指数(技术效率变化指数和技术水平变化指数),与国内各行业研发支出存量和通过对外直接投资获取的国外各行业研发支出存量进行面板数据的回归分析,得到结论:中国对外直接投资存在积极的逆向技术溢出效应,其中第二产业的逆向技术溢出效应较第三产业更强;第二产业对外直接投资对全要素生产率的提高主要源于技术进步,第三产业对外直接投资对全要素生产率的促进作用主要源于技术效率的提升。要提高我国对外直接投资逆向技术溢出效应,就应加大我国企业对境外高技术行业的投资力度,提高我国企业的技术吸收能力,促进我国产业结构优化升级。
On the non-parametric data envelopment analysis Malmquist index method of China’s foreign direct investment in all sectors of total factor productivity and its decomposition index (index of technological efficiency and technological change index), with the domestic R & D expenditure of various industries and through foreign direct investment Obtained by the various industries R & D expenditure inventory panel data regression analysis concluded that: China’s foreign direct investment there is a positive effect of reverse technology spillover, of which the secondary industry reverse technology spillover effect is stronger than the tertiary industry; the second industry external The improvement of total factor productivity from direct investment is mainly due to technological progress. The promoting effect of FDI on total factor productivity is mainly due to the improvement of technical efficiency. To enhance the reverse technology spillover effect of China’s foreign direct investment, we should increase the investment of Chinese enterprises in overseas high-tech industries, increase the absorptive capacity of Chinese enterprises and promote the optimization and upgrading of China’s industrial structure.