Background:To investigate the incidence and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in two Neonatal Intensive Care Units in North and South of China,respectively.Methods:We studied data concing 472 infants with gestational age (GA) ≤34 weeks or birth weight (BW) ≤2000 g who were admitted to the Zhujiang Hospital of South Medical University and the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang between January 1,2011 and December 31,2011.Clinical information about perinatal neonates was collected and was confirmed by reviewing medical charts.The incidence and severity of ROP were assessed in the screened population.Main outcome measures are the incidence and severity of ROP.The relationship of clinical risk factors and the development of ROP were analyzed.Results:The overall incidence of ROP was 12.7％,and the overall incidence of type 1 ROP was 2.3％; 9.4％ of infants in Zhujiang Hospital had ROP compared to 15.0％ infants in the Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang developed ROP,and the difference is statistically significant.ROP was significantly associated with GA (odds ratio [OR]:0.77 [0.62-0.95],P =0.015),BW (OR:0.998 [0.996-0.999],P =0.008),matal supplemental oxygen administration before and during delivery (OR:4.27 [1.21-15.10],P =0.024) and preeclampsia (OR:6.07 [1.73-21.36] P =0.005).The risk factors for ROP are different in two hospitals.In Zhujiang Hospital,BW is the independent risk factors for ROP while GA,BW and preeclampsia in the Fourth Hospital in Shijiazhuang Conclusions:Retinopathy ofprematurity incidence is different based on area.Incidence of ROP is still high in China.More efforts need to prevent ROP.