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鼻内给药途径的研究是国外近10多年来新兴起的研究课题.由于鼻粘膜具有其独特的优点,许多药物可经鼻粘膜吸收入血而发挥作用.本文收集国外有关文献进行综述,将可经鼻粘膜吸收的药物分成五大类,即①心血管共;②类固醇药物;③小分子多肽类;④大分子多肚类;⑤抗生素类.并总结出5个方面影响界粘膜吸收药物的因素.即①药物准注率和灌注体积;②药物pH值和渗透压;③药物分子量与鼻粘膜吸收通道之间的关系,④细胞表面活性剂;⑤鼻粘膜纤毛清除系统.作者认为:有关鼻粘膜结构、功能及生理和病理状态对鼻粘膜吸收药物的影响应由耳鼻咽喉科来研究.
The study of intranasal route of administration is a newly emerging research topic abroad in the past 10 years. Because of its unique advantages nasal mucosa, many drugs can be absorbed through the nasal mucosa to play a role in blood. This article is a collection of foreign literature review, will be absorbed through the nasal mucosa drugs are divided into five categories, namely ① cardiovascular; ② steroid drugs; ③ small molecule peptides; ④ large belly belly; ⑤ antibiotics. And summed up the five factors that affect the mucosal absorption of drugs. Namely ① drug quasi-injection rate and volume of perfusion; ② drug pH and osmotic pressure; ③ drug molecular weight and nasal mucosal absorption channel relationship, ④ cell surfactant; ⑤ nasal mucociliary clearance system. The author believes that: the nasal mucosa structure, function and physiological and pathological state of the nasal mucosa absorption of drugs should be from otolaryngology to study.