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目的探讨健康信念模式教育对老年糖尿病足高危因素患者的应用效果。方法选取2014年5月至2016年8月东莞市茶山医院收治的112例糖尿病足高危因素的老年(年龄>60岁)患者,按照随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组56例。对照组给予常规糖尿病健康管理,观察组对照组的护理基础上应用健康信念模式对患者进行预防糖尿病足健康教育。分别在干预后1年、2年采用自制行为评价量表对患者进行糖尿病足的预防行为执行率进行评价,根据糖尿病足分级方法 (Wagne分级)比较两组患者糖尿病足发生率。结果干预1年后观察组在控制饮食体质量、定时更换鞋袜,坚持足部按摩及运动锻炼方面执行率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);干预2年后观察组糖尿病足发生率明显低于对照组(10.71%vs.25.00%),组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预2年后观察组除严格监测血糖方面与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,其余各执行项目均显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论健康信念模式在老年存在糖尿病足高危因素患者中的应用能够提高患者的认知率,减少糖尿病足的发生。
Objective To explore the effect of health belief education on the risk factors of elderly diabetic foot. Methods A total of 112 elderly patients (aged> 60 years) with risk factors of diabetic foot admitted to Dasan Hospital of Dongguan City from May 2014 to August 2016 were divided into observation group and control group according to the random number table method, with 56 cases in each group . The control group was given conventional diabetes health management, and the control group on the basis of the health care beliefs model to prevent diabetic foot health education. The rate of implementation of prophylaxis for diabetic foot was evaluated by self-made behavioral assessment scale 1 year and 2 years after intervention respectively. The incidence of diabetic foot was compared between the two groups according to Wagne grading method. Results After 1 year of intervention, the observation group had significantly higher implementation rate of controlling body weight, changing timepieces and socks, insisting on foot massage and exercise training (P <0.05), and the incidence of diabetic foot in observation group was significantly higher after 2 years of intervention Lower than the control group (10.71% vs.25.00%), there was significant difference between the two groups (P <0.05); after 2 years intervention, there was no significant difference between the observation group and the control group The implementation of the project were significantly higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion The application of health belief model in elderly patients with high risk of diabetic foot can improve the cognitive rate of patients and reduce the incidence of diabetic foot.