论文部分内容阅读
道路客货运输是现代国家的一个重要组成部分,同时道路运输又是每天所有活动中事故风险最高者之一。因此,安全是道路运输规划的一个极为重要问题。虽然安全重要,但道路规划的其他目标也重要,特别是道路的利用效率和环境影响。在这三者之间达到一种合适的平衡,是运输政策的一个重要目标。但这种平衡不是非正式地建立在判断和经验基础上。非正式判断的缺点是,这种判断难以经受严格的检验,而且不同的判断不能与资源有效利用的结果保持一致。为了克服这些缺点,在道路投资评判中利用货币评价是一个长期传统。货币评价使得人们能够比较道路改善和道路安全措施的效益和费用,并识别能产生最佳货币评价的措施。本文对英国这种道路安全措施经济评价方法做了具体介绍。
Road passenger and freight transport is an important part of the modern state and road transport is one of the highest risk of accidents in all activities every day. Therefore, safety is a very important issue in road transport planning. While safety is important, other goals for road planning are also important, especially road efficiency and environmental impact. Achieving a proper balance among these three is an important goal of transport policy. But this balance is not informally based on judgment and experience. The disadvantage of informal judgments is that such judgments are hard to withstand rigorous tests and different judgments can not be reconciled with the results of the efficient use of resources. In order to overcome these shortcomings, it is a long-term tradition to use monetary evaluation in road investment judgments. Monetary assessments allow one to compare the benefits and costs of road improvements and road safety measures and to identify the measures that will produce the best monetary assessment. This article gives a detailed introduction to the economic evaluation method of road safety measures in the UK.