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目的探讨高中生睡眠质量与特质焦虑影响因素的关系,为促进高中生心理素质教育的发展提供指导。方法采取整群抽样方法,于2014年3—5月选取济宁市1 227名在校高中生进行匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表和中学生特质焦虑影响因素问卷调查。结果高中生睡眠质量差者占27.2%,一般者占53.7%,较好者占19.1%;睡眠质量问题主要表现在白天功能紊乱(77.0%)、睡眠持续性(46.0%)、主观睡眠质量(26.6%)和睡眠潜伏期(23.3%)4个方面。不同年级、上学形式、居住地和是否独生子女高中生的睡眠质量构成分布差异均有统计学意义(χ2值分别为13.537,13.416,8.800,6.328,P值均<0.05)。特质焦虑影响因素与高中生的主观睡眠质量、睡眠潜伏期、睡眠紊乱、白天功能紊乱及睡眠质量指数均呈正相关(P值均<0.01)。回归分析显示,学业压力、自卑倾向、内向性格和不良环境是高中生睡眠质量的预测因素,能解释其变异的14.6%。结论应从学习、环境、人格方面减缓高中生的特质焦虑,从而提高睡眠质量。
Objective To explore the relationship between sleep quality and trait anxiety in senior high school students and to provide guidance for the development of high school students’ psychological quality education. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 1 227 high school students in Jining City from March to May 2014 to conduct a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and a questionnaire survey of the influencing factors of middle school students’ trait anxiety. Results The poor quality of sleep in high school students accounted for 27.2%, 53.7% in general and 19.1% in good condition. The quality of sleep problems were mainly manifested in daytime dysfunction (77.0%), sleep duration (46.0%), subjective sleep quality 26.6%) and sleep latency (23.3%) 4 aspects. There were significant differences in the distribution of sleep quality among different grades, school forms, residences and singleton high school students (χ2 = 13.537,13.416,8.800,6.328, P <0.05). The influencing factors of trait anxiety were positively correlated with the quality of subjective sleep, sleep latency, sleep disorder, daytime dysfunction and sleep quality index (P <0.01). Regression analysis showed that academic stress, inferiority complex, introverted personality and bad environment were the predictors of high school students’ sleep quality, which could account for 14.6% of their variation. Conclusions The quality anxiety of senior high school students should be alleviated from the aspect of study, environment and personality so as to improve the quality of sleep.