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目的了解延安市乙肝流行病学特征,为制定预防控制策略提供依据。方法采用描述流行病学方法,对1990—2013年乙肝报告发病率和报告病例的年龄和职业分布进行分析。结果 1990—2013年延安市乙肝报告发病率呈上升趋势,乙肝占病毒性肝炎的构成比也呈上升趋势;2004—2013年,报告发病率以0~4岁最低,5~19岁逐年下降,40岁以上组逐年上升;宝塔区报告发病率最高(71.87/10万);职业以农民(含民工)发病最多,占乙肝发病总数的65.2%,其次是工人和学生。2013年乙肝疫苗首针及时接种率98.2%。结论新生儿接种乙肝疫苗取得显著效果,但成人发病率仍然较高。继续巩固新生儿接种率,加强青壮年农民乙肝疫苗接种,开展病例监测和健康教育,是今后乙肝预防控制的重要策略。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Yan’an and provide evidence for the development of prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the incidence of hepatitis B reported in 1990-2013 and the age and occupational distribution of reported cases. Results The incidence of hepatitis B in Yan’an from 1990 to 2013 showed an upward trend and the proportion of hepatitis B to viral hepatitis was also on the rise. From 2004 to 2013, the reported prevalence was the lowest from 0 to 4 years old and declined year by year from 5 to 19 years. The group over 40 years old increased year by year; the highest incidence was reported in Baota district (71.87 / 100000); the most incidence was occupation of peasants (including migrant workers), accounting for 65.2% of the total number of hepatitis B cases, followed by workers and students. The first needle of hepatitis B vaccine in 2013 was 98.2%. Conclusion Newborns vaccinated with Hepatitis B vaccine achieved a significant effect, but the incidence of adults is still high. Continue to consolidate the newborn vaccination rate, strengthen young farmer hepatitis B vaccination, case monitoring and health education, hepatitis B prevention and control is an important strategy in the future.