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目前學界對查慎行的研究,主要關注其創作,他的詩學觀一直爲人忽視。一方面由于查慎行突出的創作實績掩盖了其詩学理论成就,另一方面在于他没有系統的詩學理論著作,其詩學觀主要集中在他的評點著作《初白庵詩評》,並零散見于其詩文作品中。查慎行的主導詩學思想可以用他的一句名言概括:“詩之厚,在意不在辭;詩之雄,在氣不在直;詩之靈,在空不在巧;詩之淡,在脫不在易。須辨毫髪于疑似之間。”查慎行將“厚”、“雄”、“靈”、“淡”作爲詩美的最高境界,而實現這一詩歌美學境界的靈魂則是對“意”、“氣”、“空”、“脫”的重視,,反對過分追求“辭”、“直”、“巧”、“易”。在這其中,“淡”是查慎行的最終旨歸,是查慎行詩美的最高理想,亦是他詩歌創作的終极歸宿。“厚”、“雄”側重于針對神韻流弊,“靈”、“淡”則側重于趨騖宋詩者所流露出的“淺率”、“俚俗”之弊。“厚”、“雄”與“靈”、“淡”这种外表与实际矛盾又统一的风格特征,正是查慎行的艺术追求,在其詩學體系中完美统一。
At present, the study of Charles Shenxing mainly focuses on his creation. His poetics has always been neglected. On the one hand, Chen Shixing’s outstanding achievements in writing obscure the achievements of his poetic theory; on the other hand, he does not have a systematic work on his theory of poetry. His poetics mainly concentrates on his commentary on Chu Baian’s Poems Fragmented in his poetry works. Charles Shen’s dominant poetic thinking can be summed up in one of his famous quotations: “Thickness of poetry, carelessness; poetry of the male, the gas is not straight; the spirit of the poem, in the air is not clever; poetic light, in the off Easy to distinguish between a whistle and a whirlwind of suspicion. ”Look around the line “ thick ”, “ male ”, “ spirit ”, “ light ”as the highest level of beauty of poetry, and to achieve this The soul of poetic aesthetics is the emphasis on “meaning ”, “spirit ”, “emptiness ”, “ ”Clever “, ”easy “. Among them, ”Light “ is the ultimate purpose of Charles Shen, is the highest ideal of Chen Shen line beauty, is also the ultimate destination of his poetry. ”Thick “, ”Male “ focuses on the evil charm, ”spirit “, ”light “ focuses on the ”shallow “, ”vulgar “Disadvantages. ”Thick “, ”male “ and ”spirit “, ”light " This appearance and the actual contradictions and unified style characteristics, it is Charles Shen line art pursuit, in his poetics system Perfect unity.