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1945年7月底,美国陆军航空兵第392轰炸机中队受领了一个绝密任务——在日本本土投放核弹。为保证杀伤效果,这2颗原子弹使用了无线电引信,向地面发射410~420兆赫兹的电磁波,不断测算出离地高度,以便在570米的空中精确引爆。但是,这种引信有一个致命的弱点。由于雷达波功率要远高于无线电引信的功率,如果日军有频率相近的雷达工作,那么核弹极有可能提前或延后引爆。所以,在投放前,美军进行了大量的情报搜集和技术测试,投放当天不间断地还对核弹载机飞临的区域进行电子监视,最终确保了核弹的顺利投放。随着科技发展,武器装备的电子化程度越来越高,结构也越来越复杂。但是,电磁波天生就是块“吃独食”的料,如果挨得太近,它们就会互不相让地打起架来,丝毫不顾忌“本是同根生”的亲戚关系。今天,我们就聊一聊电磁兼容的故事,首先让我们来看三份“病历”。
By the end of July 1945, the U.S. Army Aviation 392 Bomber Squadron received a top-secret mission to launch a nuclear bomb in Japan. In order to ensure the killing effect, the two atomic bombs used radio fuze to launch 410-420 MHz electromagnetic waves to the ground and constantly measured the ground clearance to precisely detonate at an altitude of 570 meters. However, this fuze has a fatal weakness. Since the radar power is much higher than the power of the radio fuze, if the Japanese military has similar frequency radar work, nuclear bombs are likely to be detonated earlier or later. Therefore, prior to launch, the U.S. military conducted a great deal of intelligence gathering and technical testing. The unmanned day also carried out electronic surveillance of the area where the nuclear-powered missile flew and finally ensured the smooth operation of the nuclear bomb. With the development of science and technology, the electronicization of weaponry and equipment is getting higher and higher, and the structure is getting more and more complicated. However, the electromagnetic waves are inherently the “eat-alone” stuff, and if they get too close, they will fight with each other without any regard for their “relatives”. Today, we talk about the electromagnetic compatibility story. Let us first look at the three “medical records.”