HIV-1感染者常并发神经系统损伤,患者主要表现为运动功能障碍,认知和行为受损等。研究表明,HIV-1多种蛋白参与上述病理过程,其中Tat蛋白发挥了极为重要的作用。外周Tat蛋白可透过血脑屏障进入脑组织,与脑内感染细胞分泌或释放至胞外的Tat共同作用于NMDAR、mGluR1、多巴胺转运蛋白等,损伤神经系统。该文主要对Tat蛋白的神经毒作用作一综述。 HIV-1 infection often complicated by nervous system damage, the main performance of patients with motor dysfunction, cognitive and behavioral impairment and so on. Studies have shown that a variety of HIV-1 proteins involved in the pathological process, Tat protein play a very important role. Peripheral Tat protein can penetrate the blood-brain barrier into the brain, and brain cells infected with secreted or released to the extracellular role of Tat in NMDAR, mGluR1, dopamine transporters, damage the nervous system. This article mainly reviews the neurotoxic effect of Tat protein.