骨髓增生异常综合征(myelodysplastic syndrome,MDS)是一种常见的血液恶性肿瘤,在欧洲每年的MDS发生率约为4/100 000。该病常发生于老年患者,确诊患者的中位年龄为71岁。MDS是一组异质性的造血干细胞克隆性疾病,其主要特征是骨髓发育异常和无效红细胞生成,约80%的患者有贫血症状,其中绝大部分最终发展为输血依赖[1]。经国际预后评分系统(International Prognostic Scoring System,IPSS)划分为低危和中危1的MDS患者具 Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a common hematological malignancy with an annual incidence of MDS of 4/100 000 in Europe. The disease often occurs in elderly patients, the median diagnosis of patients was 71 years old. MDS is a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic stem cell clonal diseases characterized mainly by myelodysplasia and ineffective erythropoiesis and about 80% of patients have anemia, the vast majority of whom eventually develop blood transfusions [1]. According to the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS), MDS patients with low-risk and intermediate-risk 1