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BACKGROUND:Early reperfusion can effectively treat acute myocardial infarction（AMI） and reduce the mortality signif icantly. This study aimed to compare the role of plasma microRNA-1（miR-1） and cardiac troponin T（cTnT） in early diagnosis of AMI patients.METHODS:From May 2011 to May 2012,plasma samples were collected from 56 AMI patients and 28 non-AMI controls. The expression of plasma miR-1 was measured by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（qRT-PCR）,and the level of plasma cTnT was measured using electrochemiluminescence-based methods on an Elecsys 2010 Immunoassay Analyzer. SPSS 16.0 was used for the statistical analysis of the results. Data were expressed as mean±standard deviation unless otherwise described. The differences about clinical characteristics between the AMI patients and controls were tested using Student’s t test or Fisher’s exact test. The Mann-Whitney U test was conducted to compare the expression of microRNAs between the AMI patients and controls. MicroRNAs expression between different intervals of the AMI patients was compared using Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test. The receiver operating characteristic（ROC） curve was established to discriminate the AMI patients from the controls.RESULTS:In the present study,the expression of plasma miR-1 was signifi cantly increased in the AMI patients compared with the healthy controls（P<0.01）. The plasma miR-1 in the AMI patients decreased to the normal level at 14 days（P>0.05）. The expression of plasma miR-1 was not related to the clinical characteristics of the study population（P>0.05）. ROC curve analyses demonstrated that miR-1 was specifi c and sensitive for the early diagnosis of AMI,but not superior to cTnT.CONCLUSION:Plasma miR-1 could be used in the early diagnosis of AMI,but it is similar to cTnT.