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目的了解中学生结核病相关知识信念和行为现状,为更好开展学校结核病健康教育提供参考依据。方法在四川、贵州、云南活动性结核病患者较多的3个流行病学调查(简称“流调”)抽样点及2个流调点邻县,采用便利抽样法每县抽取1所学校。采用自行设计的问卷对5所学校的高二学生进行调查,问卷内容包括结核病防治核心信息、态度行为及健康教育现状等。共计发放问卷443份,回收有效问卷437份,问卷有效率98.6%。分别统计各条结核病相关信息的知晓率、总知晓率、态度和总得分。结果调查对象对10条结核病防治信息的总知晓率为54.3%(2375/4370),其中关于诊疗相关政策及疾病危害的知晓率较低,分别为23.9%(209/874)和23.8%(104/437)。结核病综合知识得分6分(P25=4,P75=7)。7.0%(30/430)的学生表示得病后会隐瞒病情,21.2%(91/430)会与身边结核病患者保持距离,0.5%(2/430)的学生表示不和结核病患者来往。65.7%(287/437)的学生从未主动了解过结核病知识,96.3%(420/436)的学生认为学校有必要开展结核病健康教育。结论西部地区中学生结核病相关知识偏低,存在消极态度。应当由卫生部门和教育部门共同合作,采用多种手段开展学校结核病相关知识的健康教育。
Objective To understand the knowledge, beliefs and behaviors related to tuberculosis among middle school students and to provide a reference for better carrying out the health education of tuberculosis in schools. Methods Three epidemiological surveys (referred to as “flow test ”) sampling points and two flow control points were used in more active tuberculosis patients in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. Convenient sampling was used to select one school per county . The self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the sophomore students in five schools. The questionnaire included the core information of TB prevention and treatment, attitude and behavior and health education status. A total of 443 questionnaires were issued, 437 valid questionnaires were returned, and the questionnaire was effective at 98.6%. The statistics of TB awareness, total awareness, attitude and total score of each TB were collected separately. Results The total awareness rate of 10 tuberculosis prevention and control information was 54.3% (2375/4370). Among them, the rate of awareness about the diagnosis and treatment related policies and disease hazards was relatively low, with 23.9% (209/874) and 23.8% (104%) respectively / 437). Comprehensive knowledge of tuberculosis scores 6 points (P25 = 4, P75 = 7). 7.0% (30/430) of the students said they concealed their illness when they got sick, 21.2% (91/430) kept distance from TB patients and 0.5% (2/430) said they did not interact with TB patients. 65.7% (287/437) of students never took the initiative to understand the knowledge of TB, and 96.3% (420/436) of students considered it necessary for the school to have a health education on TB. Conclusions TB knowledge among middle school students in western China is low and there is a negative attitude. Health departments and education departments should work together to carry out health education on tuberculosis-related knowledge in schools through various means.