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生物芯片 (Biochip)的概念源于计算机芯片 ,是近十年来才发展起来的一项分子生物学技术。目前的DNA芯片有两类①片上原位合成寡核苷酸点阵芯片 (ONA) ;②用微量点样技术制成cDNA点阵芯片 (CDA)。生物芯片广泛应用于遗传病的早期诊断、肿瘤癌基因突变、病原体基因变异和多态性分析以及耐药试验等。本文就生物芯片的原理及其应用前景作一综述。
The concept of a biochip stems from a computer chip, a molecular biology technique that has developed in the last decade. There are currently two types of DNA chips ① on-chip synthesis of oligonucleotide oligonucleotide arrays (ONAs); ② micro dotting technology to make cDNA dot matrix chip (CDA). Biochip is widely used in the early diagnosis of genetic diseases, cancer oncogene mutations, genetic variation and polymorphism of pathogens and drug resistance test. This article reviews the principle of biochip and its application prospects.