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优士丁尼《法学阶梯》包含了民法几乎所有的问题域,“错误”制度也不例外。在事实错误中,实质性错误作为不可原谅的错误逐渐脱离而独立,成为后世学者四分法的基础,而非实质性错误都是可原谅的错误,需逐案加以确定,但在相当程度上被后世学者忽略了。法律错误亦并非都不可原谅,这对“Ignorantia jurisn on excusat”的法谚提出了挑战。错误既作为立法技术手段,也作为政策性工具得到了广泛使用,包含了比四分法更广泛的问题域,反映了民法抽象化过程带来的问题。
Ursini “legal ladder” contains almost all the domain of the problem of civil law, “error” system is no exception. In the factual mistake, substantive mistakes as gradual detachment of the unforgivable mistakes become the basis for the later scholars' trichotomy, rather than substantive mistakes are forgivable mistakes to be determined case by case, but to a considerable extent Ignored by later scholars. Nor is not the law error inexcusable, which poses a challenge to the proverb “Ignorantia jurisn on excusat.” As a technical and legislative tool, the mistake has been widely used as a policy tool, covering a wider range of issues than the quartet, reflecting the problems brought by the abstraction process of civil law.