目的探讨Ⅱ期直肠癌患者术后是否需要辅助治疗及辅助治疗。方法采用提出问题、寻找证据、评价证据、应用证据等循证医学方法对Ⅱ期直肠癌患者术后是否需要辅助治疗及辅助治疗的具体措施做出循证决策。结论对高危的Ⅱ期直肠癌术后给与以5-FU/LV为基础的辅助化疗,同时联合辅助放疗,能改善局部控制和延长远期生存。 Objective To investigate whether patients with stage Ⅱ rectal cancer need adjuvant therapy and adjuvant therapy after operation. Methods To make evidence-based decision-making on the specific measures of adjuvant therapy and adjuvant therapy of patients with stage Ⅱ rectal cancer after asking questions, looking for evidence, evaluating evidence and applying evidence-based medicine. Conclusions Adjuvant 5-FU / LV-based adjuvant chemotherapy combined with adjuvant radiotherapy can improve local control and prolong long-term survival in high-risk stage II rectal cancer.