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在西南各民族绚丽多彩的神话宝库中,谷物起源神话占有特定的位置。大量考古材料证明,人类在史前期的蒙昧阶段,主要以狩猎和采集为生。这种以收获天然产物为主的人类劳动,还保留着明显的自然特质。到了蒙昧期的高级阶段,出现了人工栽培谷物的农耕活动。谷物的起源拉开了农业文明的序幕,促成了农耕工具、农田水利等的起源和发展,使人类进入了一个崭新阶段,“农业的发明决定了人类的整个未来。”但人类是怎么开始栽培谷物,人工栽培又是通过何种形式进行传播的?对这些问题,今天的考古发掘还没有能提供完整而确切的证据。倒是某些有关的神话却为我们提供了解答这些问题的钥匙。本文拟通过对西南少数民族谷物起源神话的归类分析,就上述问题进行一些探讨,以就教于大方。
Among the colorful mythical treasures of all ethnic groups in Southwest China, the myth of cereal origin occupies a specific place. A large number of archaeological materials prove that human beings in the prehistoric phase of ignorance, mainly to hunting and collecting for a living. This kind of human labor, which is mainly based on the harvest of natural products, also retains obvious natural characteristics. At the advanced phase of ignorance, farming activities of artificially cultivated cereals appeared. The origins of grain opened the prelude to agricultural civilization and contributed to the origination and development of farming tools, farmland and water conservancy, which brought mankind into a brand-new stage. “The invention of agriculture dominates the entire future of mankind.” But how does mankind begin to cultivate In what ways are cereals and artificial cultivars propagated? Today’s archaeological excavations have yet to provide complete and exact evidence. However, some related myths provide us with the key to answering these questions. This article intends to classify and analyze the myths of cereal origins in ethnic minorities in Southwest China and discuss some of the above issues in order to teach them generously.