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专属经济区作为《联合国海洋法公约》设立的新制度,没有明确规定其中的外国军事活动性质,各国对《公约》的相关条款的理解形成两种对立的观点:即认为专属经济区内的外国军事活动是他国的自由;或是该事项为沿海国的专属管辖权。通过分析《公约》制定的背景以及立法宗旨,专属经济区内的军事测量应事先得到沿海国的同意,具体内容尚需国际习惯法或者双边或多边条约规范。
The new system set up by the EEZ as the “UN Convention on the Law of the Sea” did not specify the nature of the foreign military activities therein. There are two opposing views among countries on the understanding of the relevant articles of the Convention: that foreign countries in the exclusive economic zone Military activity is the freedom of other nations; or it is the exclusive jurisdiction of the coastal State. By analyzing the background of the “Convention” and its legislative purposes, the military measurement in the exclusive economic zone should be approved by the coastal states in advance. The specific content still needs to be regulated by customary international law or by bilateral or multilateral treaties.