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乌鲁木齐河,发源于天山北坡冰大板,全长一百多公里。河床由戈壁砾石构成,宽广散乱,纵坡大,泥沙多。解放初期,沿河渗漏流失的水量约占全部河水的70%。由于水源依附融冰消雪,很容易受气候影响,春秋水量奇小,夏季洪水特大,虽然全年河水径流量四亿二千万立方米,但除洪水季节外,河床内终年只有一股细小的溪流。乌鲁木齐地区又处亚洲大陆腹部,年总降雨量只有一百二十到一百五十毫米左右,蒸发量却在八百毫米以上。解放前,人们无力同大自然搏斗,全灌区近百万亩耕地到解放时只耕种六万亩。那时,每逢春秋枯水期,庄稼还不免受旱;夏季山洪暴发,又常常冲毀沿河一带的庄稼、房屋、道路、桥梁,造成人民生命财产的
Urumqi River, originated in the Tianshan northern ice plate, a total length of more than 100 kilometers. The riverbed is made of Gobi gravel, wide and scattered, longitudinal slope, silt and more. In the early period of liberation, the amount of water lost by the seepage and leakage along the river accounted for about 70% of the total river water. Because of the water-dependent snow melting snow removal, it is vulnerable to the impact of the climate, spring and autumn, the amount of extremely small, extraordinarily large summer floods, although the annual runoff of 420 million cubic meters, but the flood season, the river bed only a small The stream. Urumqi region is again in the abdomen of the Asian continent, with an annual total rainfall of only about 120 to 150 millimeters, while the evaporation is over 800 millimeters. Before the liberation, people were unable to fight nature. Nearly one million mu of cultivated land in the entire irrigation area only cultivated 60,000 mu when liberated. At that time, during the spring and autumn dry season, the crops were still suffering from drought. During the summer torrents, the crops, houses, roads and bridges along the river were often destroyed and the people’s lives and property were destroyed