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鲁迅对前苏联文学总体拥护的同时 ,对待具体创作、具体流派上又呈现出复杂的态度。在理智层面上 ,他认为前苏联文学为建立中国无产阶级文学所必需 ;在感情层面上 ,他对“同路人”文学的艺术性情有独钟 ,尽管对其思想倾向亦不乏批评。他从普列汉诺夫—托洛茨基—卢那察尔斯基那里 ,而不是从列宁、斯大林和其他正统的无产阶级文艺理论家那里接受了无产阶级文艺理论。鲁迅的文艺思想更接近恩格斯 ,而与列宁有疏离之处。鲁迅是从以普列汉诺夫为代表的马克思主义文艺观那里迫近并最后形成了自己的辩证唯物主义与历史唯物主义思想。
While dealing with the overall literary support of the former Soviet Union, Lu Xun treated the concrete creation and showed a complicated attitude on the specific genres. At the rational level, he considered that the former Soviet Union literature was necessary for the establishment of Chinese proletarian literature. On the emotional level, he had a fond soft interest in the art of “fellow travelers”, despite his criticism of his ideological tendencies. He accepted the proletarian literary theory from Plekhanov-Trotsky-Lunacharsky instead of from Lenin, Stalin and other orthodox proletarian literary theorists. Lu Xun’s literary thought is closer to Engels, but alienated from Lenin. Lu Xun approached and eventually formed his own dialectical materialism and historical materialism from the Marxist view of literature and art represented by Plekhanov.