矿物与微生物作用会使矿物的表面化学性质发生很大变化。例如 ,矿质化学营养细菌 (氧化亚铁硫杆菌和硫氧化硫杆菌 )可使黄铁矿、黄铜矿、闪锌矿和方铅矿等硫化矿物表面化学性质发生很大变化。杆菌类异养细菌可以改变赤铁矿、氧化铝、二氧化硅、高岭石和方解石等氧化矿物的动电性质。微生物与矿物之间的作用通过选择性生物浸出已用于选矿中。与生物浸出法不同。细菌诱导选矿法涉及到矿物 -溶液 -细菌界面之间的表面现象 ,并且在该过程中 ,表面化学变化在几分钟之内在水介质中发生。在本文中说明了嗜酸的矿质化学营养细菌 (硫氧化硫杆菌 )和嗜中性的异养细菌 (多黏芽胞杆菌 )在氧化矿物和硫化矿物选矿中的作用。从细菌作用对矿物表面疏水性和亲水性影响出发 ,概述了细菌在氧化矿物和硫化矿物上的附着机理。讨论了细菌细胞及其代谢物 (生物蛋白质和外多糖 )对硫化矿物 (闪锌矿和方铅矿 )及氧化矿物 (赤铁矿、氧化铝和方解石 )表面性质改变中的作用。在细菌对矿物基质驯服以后 ,可以得到对矿物具有特效性的生物药剂 Mineral and microbial interactions can alter the surface chemistry of minerals greatly. For example, mineralized nutrient bacteria (Thiobacillus ferrooxidans and Thiobacillus thiooxidans) can dramatically change the surface chemistry of sulfide minerals such as pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena. Bacillus heterotrophic bacteria can alter the electrokinetic properties of oxidized minerals such as hematite, alumina, silica, kaolinite and calcite. The role of microorganisms and minerals has been used for beneficiation by selective bioleaching. Different from biological leaching method. Bacterial-induced beneficiation involves surface phenomena between mineral-solution-bacterial interfaces and in the process, surface chemical changes occur in aqueous media within a few minutes. In this paper, the role of acidophilic mineral chemical nutrient bacteria (Thiobacillus thiooxidans) and neutrophilic heterotrophic bacteria (Bacillus mucilaginosus) in the mineralization of mineral and sulphide minerals is illustrated. Based on the effect of bacteria on the hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of mineral surfaces, the mechanism of bacterial attachment to oxidized and sulphide minerals is summarized. The role of bacterial cells and their metabolites (bioproteins and exopolysaccharides) on the surface properties of sulphide minerals (sphalerite and galena) and oxide minerals (hematite, alumina and calcite) was discussed. After bacteria colonize the mineral matrix, bio-pharmaceuticals that have a specific effect on minerals can be obtained