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信息通讯技术(ICT)行业是中国全面提高信息化水平的重点行业,又是美中贸易逆差最为严重的行业。我们聚焦ICT行业来考察东亚区域生产网络对中美贸易再平衡的影响。研究表明:第一,2013年中国对美在计算机及周边设备(CPE)、通讯设备(CE)和消费电子设备(CEE)最终产品贸易上呈现巨大顺差,而在电子元件(EC)零部件贸易上呈现较大逆差。第二,除了东亚内部相互间ICT行业产品贸易外,东亚国家ICT行业产品主要出口美国。第三,中国对美大量出口CPE、CE和CEE最终产品,并形成巨大顺差。因此,从东亚区域生产网络价值分解看,中美双边贸易不平衡将被大幅缩减,中美贸易再平衡的摩擦张力也将大幅缓解,而形成东亚区域生产网络的自我循环才是上策。
The information and communication technology (ICT) industry is a key sector for China to comprehensively raise the level of information technology and is also the one that has the most serious trade deficit with the United States. We focused on the ICT sector to examine the impact of East Asian regional production networks on the rebalancing of Sino-U.S. Trade. The research shows that: First, in 2013 China showed a huge surplus in the trade of the United States with the final products of computer and peripherals (CPE), communications equipment (CE) and consumer electronics equipment (CEE). In trade in electronic components (EC) On the show a larger deficit. Second, apart from intra-East Asian intra-ICT product trade, East Asian countries mainly export their ICT products to the United States. Third, China exported a large amount of CPE, CE and CEE final products to the United States and formed a huge surplus. Therefore, judging from the decomposition of the value chain of production networks in East Asia, bilateral trade imbalances between China and the United States will be drastically reduced and the frictional tension in the rebalancing of Sino-U.S. Trade will also be eased. The self-cycle of forming a production network in East Asia is the best strategy.