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本文对中国水生蔬菜作物品种资源的历史和现状进行了概述。认为水生蔬菜植物多原产中国,栽培驯化的历史都在1000年以上.据不完全统计,中国现有水生蔬菜作物的地方品种已达300个以上,在植物学上分属于10科12属13种,主要分布在长江流域及其以南各省,北方也有一定的栽培面积。其数量之多、分布之广,在当今世界各国中均居首位。其中有些种如茭白、莼菜等,迄今仍然只有中国及其邻近少数国家栽培和利用。为了便于对水生蔬菜的品种资源进行系统研究和合理开发利用,谨对现有品种资源的分类,提出初步看法,根据现有品种资源的历史演化过程,结合产品利用器官、生态类型、栽培性状和经济性状等层次,进行综合分类。并列举几种主要水生蔬菜作物,提出综合分类的具体意见。
This article gives an overview of the history and current status of aquatic vegetable crop resources in China. According to incomplete statistics, there are more than 300 local varieties of aquatic vegetable crops in China, and they belong to 10 genera, 12 genera and 13 genuses in botany, which means that there are many aquatic vegetable plants originating in China and their cultivation and domestication are over 1000 years old. Species, mainly distributed in the Yangtze River Basin and its southern provinces, the northern region also has a certain cultivation. Its number, wide distribution, in all countries in the world today ranks first. Some of these species, such as fern, water spinach, etc., have so far still only been cultivated and utilized by China and its neighboring minority countries. In order to facilitate the systematic research and rational exploitation and utilization of aquatic vegetable variety resources, the preliminary opinions on the classification of the existing variety resources are put forward. According to the historical evolution of the existing variety resources, combined with the organ utilization, ecological type, Economic traits and other levels, a comprehensive classification. Several major aquatic vegetable crops are listed and specific advice on the classification is put forward.