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在本地区某大型燃煤电厂原址及完全相同的环境条件下,作者对一个假想的发电容量为0.3GW的压水反应堆核电站气载放射性流出物的环境影响及公众辐射剂量进行了估算与评价。公众辐射剂量主要来自~(14)C的释放,主要照射途径为食物摄入内照射。其中,公众中年最大个人有效剂量当量为7.112×10~(-6)Sv·(GW·a)~(-1),厂区周围半径100km范围内公众年集体有效剂量当量为0.5974人·Sv·(GW·a)~(-1),均比原燃煤电厂的相应值低几十倍。如燃煤电厂的烟尘排空率由目前的24.6%降至1%,则两个工厂所致公众辐射剂量大致相当。
The author estimates and evaluates the environmental impact and public radiation dose of an airborne radioactive effluent from a hypothetical PWR nuclear power station with a power generation capacity of 0.3GW under the site conditions of a large coal-fired power plant in the region and the same environmental conditions. Public radiation dose mainly comes from the release of ~ (14) C, the main route of exposure is food intake. Among them, the public middle-aged maximum individual effective dose equivalent is 7.112 × 10 -6 GW · a -1, and the public collective effective dose equivalent is 0.5974 · Sv · (GW · a) ~ (-1), both lower than the corresponding value of coal-fired power plant several times lower. If the smoke and dust discharge rate of coal-fired power plants is reduced from the current 24.6% to 1%, the radiation doses to the public in both plants are about the same.