目的　利用PCR指纹图技术筛选细菌种特异性探针 ,探索利用PCR指纹图技术实现病原菌通用检测的可能性。方法　以鼠疫耶尔森菌为实验对象 ,利用REP 1和REP 2引物对在非严谨的条件下进行PCR指纹图扩增 ;将所有扩增片段纯化后 ,克隆至pGEM T载体 ,转化大肠杆菌JM10 9;用生物素化的载体引物扩增克隆化片段 ,进行末端标记 ;在硝酸纤维素膜上固定鼠疫杆菌的染色体DNA以及相应对照菌株的染色体DNA ,以末端标记的扩增产物进行杂交 ,通过生物素 链霉亲和素 辣根过氧化物酶系统显色 ,判断扩增片段的特异性。结果　经杂交筛选 ,发现 1个长度约为 90 0bp的扩增具有较好的杂交特异性片段 ,将序列与鼠疫耶尔森菌已完成的基因组序列比较 ,仅发现 4个核苷酸的差异 ;根据这段序列设计的引物对可以特异性地扩增鼠疫耶尔森菌的模板。结论　利用PCR指纹图技术成功筛选到一段鼠疫耶尔森菌的种特异性探针 ,为细菌通用检测技术的研究开辟了新的思路。 Objective To screen bacterial species-specific probes by PCR fingerprinting and to explore the possibility of using PCR fingerprinting to detect common pathogens. Methods Yersinia pestis was used as experimental object. PCR fingerprinting was performed under the non-stringent conditions using REP 1 and REP 2 primer pairs. All the amplified fragments were purified and cloned into pGEM T vector and transformed into E. coli JM10 9; Amplification of cloned fragments with biotinylated vector primers, end labeling; fixation of chromosomal DNA of Yersinia pestis and corresponding chromosomal DNA of control strains on nitrocellulose membranes, hybridization with end-labeled amplification products, passage through Biotin streptavidin horseradish peroxidase system color, to determine the specificity of the amplified fragment. Results After screening by hybridization, we found that one amplified fragment with a length of 90 0bp had better hybridization specific fragment. Compared with the genome sequence of Yersinia pestis, only four nucleotide differences were found. The primer pair designed according to this sequence can specifically amplify the Yersinia pestis template. Conclusion The PCR-based fingerprinting method was successfully used to screen a species-specific probe of Yersinia pestis, which opened up a new way for the research on universal detection of bacteria.