民族文学作品能否全面且客观地反映社会现实,与创作者的立场、参与和判断有着直接的关联。文章以恩格斯在《诗歌和散文中的德国社会主义》中对德意志民族文学作家卡尔·倍克及其所作的《穷人之歌》的批判为例,系统阐述了创作者的立场与社会现实的呈现、创作者的参与和现实变革的主体、创作者的判断与现实变革的前景等之间的内在联系,以期引起当今民族文学创作者的深思。 Whether the national literary works can comprehensively and objectively reflect the social reality is directly related to the creators’ position, participation and judgment. Taking Engels ’critique of German writer Karl Bech and his “poem of the poor” as an example in Engels’ “German Socialism in Poetry and Prose”, this article elaborates on the author’s position and the presentation of social reality , The creator’s participation and the subject of the real change, the judgment of the creator and the prospect of the real change, with a view to arousing the contemplation of the contemporary national literature creators.