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目的对昆明市2014年1 262例手足口病患者的生活环境和卫生习惯等因素进行分析,提出有针对性的防控措施。方法按照报告病例分布情况,确定昆明市6个项目县,采用病例对照研究的方法,通过查询中国疾病预防控制信息系统2014-01/12的疫情信息,每月分别随机抽取6个项目县的5例新发轻症病例和所有的重症病例以及相同数量的健康对照进行问卷调查。结果共收集调查问卷2 785份,剔除废卷261份,合格问卷2 524(病例组和对照组各1 262份),合格率90.63%。通过对病例组和对照组的基本情况、生活环境和卫生习惯等多个因素进行单因素卡方检验和多因素Logistic回归分析发现,生活区域有露天粪便(OR=1.875)、与他人共用洁具(OR=1.688)、吮吸手指(OR=1.385)患手足口病的风险更高。独生子女(OR=0.756)和看护人文化水平高(OR=0.584)可降低手足口病的发病。结论手足口病的发生与生活环境和卫生习惯密切相关,今后防控工作中需广泛开展多种形式的宣传,倡导改善生活环境,教育儿童让其养成勤洗手、不与他人共用洁具、不吮吸手指等卫生习惯。
Objective To analyze the living environment and hygiene habits of 1,262 HFMD patients in Kunming City in 2014 and put forward targeted prevention and control measures. Methods According to the distribution of reported cases, 6 project counties in Kunming were identified and case-control study was conducted. By querying the information of epidemic situation in China CDC 2014-01 / 12, 5 Cases of newly diagnosed mild cases and all severe cases and the same number of healthy controls were surveyed. Results A total of 2 785 questionnaires were collected, excluding 261 waste papers and 2 524 qualified questionnaires (1 262 in each of the case and control groups), with a pass rate of 90.63%. Through the single factor chi-square test and multivariate Logistic regression analysis on the basic conditions, living environment and hygiene habits of the case group and the control group, it was found that there was open manure in the living area (OR = 1.875), shared sanitary ware with others OR = 1.688). Sucking finger (OR = 1.385) was at higher risk of HFMD. Only children (OR = 0.756) and a high level of caregiver culture (OR = 0.584) reduced HFMD incidence. Conclusion The occurrence of hand, foot and mouth disease is closely related to the living environment and health habits. In the future prevention and control work, various forms of publicity are required to promote the improvement of living environment, to educate children to keep their hands washed, not to share the ware with others, or not Sucking fingers and other hygiene habits.