(一) TED是英文Turtle Exclder Device(海龟逸出装置)和Trawling Efficiency Device(拖网有效装置)的首字母缩写词,是美国国家海洋渔业处(NMFS)研制的一种新型选择性虾拖网装置。当初研制TED的目的在于消除虾拖网对海龟的附带捕获量,以保护海龟的生存,故名称“海龟逸出装置”。其后,在试验过程中经水下观察证明,TED也能排除鱼、海蜇、海绵及其他副渔获物,对于捕虾拖网作业非常有效,故又称为“拖网有效装置”。 (A) TED is an acronym for the English Turtle Exclder Device and Trawling Efficiency Device and is a new selective shrimp trawl device developed by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). Originally developed TED aims to eliminate shrimp trawls on the entrapment of turtles in order to protect the survival of turtles, so the name “turtle escape device.” Subsequent observations during the course of the experiment revealed that TED was also able to exclude fish, jellyfish, sponges and other by-catch, which was also very effective for shrimp trawling operations, hence the name “trawl-effective device”.