[目的]探讨水肥调控对水稻结实期叶片功能的影响。[方法]选用6个早衰型和非早衰型杂交稻组合为试验对象,以常规水肥管理为对照,抽穗后对其进行限水胁迫(土壤水势限制在-25kPa左右)和增施氮肥(限水的同时增施10%N素粒肥)处理,分析水分亏缺和增加氮肥条件下,不同杂交稻组合叶片的衰老速率及抗衰老生理响应。[结果]水分亏缺加速叶片衰老,早衰型品种中优838、天优998和隆平601受水分亏缺影响较大,限水处理叶绿素衰减率比其他3个组合提高了6%～8%;增施N肥能提高叶绿素含量,延缓叶绿素降解。水分亏缺诱导叶片ABA含量上升,不同组合上升的幅度存在明显差异;各组合ABA含量对增施N肥反应不一致,中优838表现下降,其余组合表现不同幅度上升。不同组合的抗氧化酶活性对水分亏缺的响应存在差异;在限水的同时增施N肥,各抗氧化酶活性变化不尽相同。水分亏缺增加了各组合叶片MDA的积累。相关性分析表明,叶绿素含量与各抗氧化酶活性均表现极显著正相关;叶片SOD活性与ABA含量正相关。[结论]该研究表明水稻叶片衰老速率、抗衰老生理活性以及对水分亏缺的响应存在品种差异;抗氧化酶活性不完全受ABA诱导升高;SOD活性可作为水稻逆境抗性指标;后期增施N肥对延缓叶片衰老有重要作用。 [Objective] The research aimed to discuss the effect of water and fertilizer regulation on the function of rice during the grain-filling stage. [Method] Six combinations of premature decay and non-premature decay hybrid rice were selected as experimental subjects. The conventional water and fertilizer management was used as control. After heading, the water-limiting stress (soil water potential was limited to -25 kPa) and nitrogen fertilizer While applying 10% N fertilizer at the same time), the senescence rate and anti-aging physiological response of different hybrid rice combinations were analyzed under the conditions of water deficit and increasing nitrogen fertilizer. [Result] The effects of water deficit on leaf senescence were accelerated. Premature decay varieties Zhongyou 838, Tianyou 998 and Longping 601 were greatly affected by water deficit. The decay rate of chlorophyll in water - limited treatment was increased by 6% -8% compared with the other three combinations. Application of N fertilizer can increase chlorophyll content, delay chlorophyll degradation. The ABA content of leaves induced by water deficit increased significantly, and the amplitude of different combinations had significant difference. The ABA content of each combination was not consistent with the response of increasing N fertilizer, the performance of Zhongyou 838 decreased and the amplitude of other combinations increased. Different combinations of antioxidant enzyme activity response to water deficit differences; water restrictions at the same time with N fertilizer, the antioxidant enzyme activity varies. Water deficit increased MDA accumulation in all combinations. Correlation analysis showed that chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activity showed a very significant positive correlation; leaf SOD activity and ABA content was positively correlated. [Conclusion] The results showed that there existed variety differences in the leaf senescence rate, anti-aging physiological activity and the response to water deficit in rice. The antioxidant enzyme activities were not completely induced by ABA; SOD activity could be used as an indicator of stress tolerance in rice; Application of N fertilizer to delay leaf aging plays an important role.