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1. color
（1） n. 顏色；肤色；颜料；脸色
◇例如：
Nancy liked the skirt well enough， but complained about the color. （南希还挺喜欢这件裙子，只是有点不满意它的颜色。）
The color is coming back to your face. （你的气色在好转。）
（2） vt. 粉饰；给……涂颜色
◇例如：
The sun was beginning to color the sky above. （太阳开始给上方的天空涂抹色彩。）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. Look at the flowers！They are in different _______. （2014浙江温州）
A. prices B. sizes
C. colors D. names
（ ）2. —Kids， _______ the little ducks yellow.
—But Miss Yang， I have no paints.
A. color B. leave C. cause D. feed
（ ）3. —Which shirt would you like？
—The black one. The _______ matches my new skirt quite well.
A. size B. background
C. weight D. color
【Keys： 1～3 CAD】
2. dictionary
（1） n. 字典；词典；辞书
◇例如：
I read English magazines with the help of a dictionary. （我借助字典翻阅英文杂志。）
When he writes， he always keeps a dictionary at hand. （他写作时手边总备有一本词典。）
（2） 相关短语：
a living dictionary 活词典；学识渊博的人
a walking dictionary/library 活词典；学识渊博的人
speak like a dictionary 讲话很有学问（或很精确）；谈吐渊博
up to dictionary [俚语] 学识渊博
【Exercise】
（ ）When I don’t understand the math problem， Tom always helps me with it. He is my walking _______. （2014浙江杭州）
A. dialogue B. history
C. dictionary D. breakfast
【Key： C】
3. excuse
（1） n. 借口；理由
◇例如：
Loser always has an excuse. （失败者总有借口。）
（2） vt. 原谅；为……申辩；给……免去
vi. 作为借口；请求宽恕；表示宽恕
◇例如：
He excused himself by saying he was late because of the terrible weather. （他为自己辩解说自己迟到是因为天气恶劣。）
Many people might have excused him for something wrong that he has done. （很多人可能已经原谅了他做过的一些错事。）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. —Look， the boss is very angry with Alex.
—Well， he came late again. But that’s no _______ to shout at him. （2016湖北武汉）
A. problem B. lesson C. excuse D. reason
（ ）2. —I hope you’ll _______ me， Mr. Crum.
—It doesn’t matter this time， but remember it’s rude to speak to people like that.
A. refuse B. excuse
C. believe D. protect
（ ）3. —He can find many _______ for not attending school.
—He probably puts his mind to online games not to studies.
A. mistakes B. results C. customs D. excuses
（ ）4. —Let’s hurry.
—Yes， very often dark clouds are a _______ of rain.
A. mark B. sign C. chance D. excuse （ ）5. —How about the girl hurt in the traffic accident？
—The situation allows no _______. We have to send her to the hospital as soon as possible.
A. help B. excuse C. hurry D. surprise
【Keys： 1～5 CBDBB】
4. trip
（1） n. 旅行；轻快的步伐
◇例如：
I am interested in the ten■week trip next spring. （我对明年春天为期10周的旅行感兴趣。）
（2） 相关短语：
a trip to the moon 到月球的旅行
make/take a trip 旅行
a pleasant trip 愉快的旅行
business trip 公务旅行；出差
◇例如：
Mark was sent to the Far East on a business trip. （马克被派往远东出差。）
Last week， I had a pleasant trip to the wonderful capital of our country， Beijing. （上周，我到我国首都北京进行了一次愉快的旅行。）
（3） 辨析：trip，journey，tour和travel
① trip常指短距离的，直达目的地的旅行，在日常用语中，trip可与journey通用。
◇例如：
I am going on a trip to the seaside during the summer holidays. （暑假期间我将去海边旅行。）
He went on a trip to Paris. （他去巴黎旅行了。）
② journey主要指单程较远距离的海、陆、空旅行。表示“去旅行”时，应使用go on a journey，而不是go to a journey。
◇例如：
Mr. Smith went on a journey from Paris to New York. （史密斯先生进行了一次从巴黎到纽约的旅行。）
A pleasant journey to you. （祝你旅途愉快。）
③ tour 指“旅行，周游，观光”，主要目的是游览或视察，距离可长可短，常带有“最后回到出发地”的含义。
◇例如：
He is making a tour of the world. （他周游世界去了。）
They spent two months on a tour through most of the countries of Europe. （他们用了两个月的时间去旅行，游历了欧洲的大部分国家。）
④ travel一般指到国外或远方旅行，它与journey的不同之处在于不着重某一目的地，有“到各地游历”的意思，作名词时常用复数形式。
◇例如：
He has just returned from his travels. （他刚刚旅行回来。）
One day in his travels in China， he got to Guangzhou. （在中国旅行期间的一天，他去了广州。）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. —What do you think of your last _______？
—I had a very scary experience in the mountains. I won’t go there again. （2014湖北鄂州）
A. assistant B. trip
C. study D. examination
（ ）2. —I can’t see many kinds of birds here in winter.
—That’s because lots of them _______ to the north during September.
A. travel B. tour
C. trip D. send
（ ）3. —I’ll go to Sydney next week.
—That’s quite a long _______. Take care.
A. trip B. tour
C. travel D. journey
（ ）4. —I don’t like the bus _______. It’s cheap but not comfortable.
—Me neither. I prefer to ride on the train.
A. trip B. tour
C. travel D. journey
【Keys： 1～4 BADC】
5. price
（1） n. 價格；价值；代价
◇例如：
They will have to pay a high price for the house. （他们将不得不高价买下这栋房子。） （2） vt. 給……定价
◇例如：
They are expected to be priced at about 330 yuan. （他们的价格可能会定在330元左右。）
（3） 相关短语：
price list 价格表
ceiling price 最高价
selling price 售价
wholesale price 批发价
price tag 价格标签；价格牌
list price 标价；定价
total price 总价；总费用
floor price 底价；最低价
fixed price 固定价格；定价
fair price 公平价格
【Exercise】
（ ）1. —I want to buy a ticket of the film The Monkey King. Do you know its _______？
—I am not sure. Maybe it’s 80 yuan. （2014浙江温岭）
A. cover B. size C. color D. price
（ ）2. —How about five dollars a hat， madam？
—The price sounds _______. I’ll take three then.
A. cheap B. fair C. strange D. convenient
（ ）3. —What about this mobile phone？ It is 8，400 yuan.
—It’s much too expensive. I don’t want to pay such a high _______.
A. cost B. bill
C. temperature D. price
（ ）4. —Are these eggs on sale here？
—Yes， they are divided into many grades and sold at different _______.
A. prices B. shapes C. colors D. sizes
（ ）5. What _______ will global warming bring us？ Scientists have given us a clear list.
A. news B. dangers C. prices D. advantages
【Keys： 1～5 DBDAB】
6. taste
（1） taste作名词
① n. 味觉；味道
◇例如：
I like the taste of wine and enjoy trying different kinds. （我喜欢葡萄酒的味道，喜欢品尝不同的口味。）
② n. 尝试；鉴赏力；品味
◇例如：
We have a taste of the white wine he’s brought. （我们尝了尝他带来的白葡萄酒。）
③ n. 爱好
◇例如：
She tried to educate her son’s taste in music. （她试图培养她儿子对音乐的爱好。）
2） taste作动词
① v. 品尝
◇例如：
Please taste the soup and see if it has enough salt. （请尝一口汤，看盐放得够不够。）
② v. 有……味道的（或气息）（taste of/like）
◇例如：
This sauce tastes of tomato. （这调味酱有番茄味。）
③ taste作系动词
◇例如：
The meat tastes delicious. （这肉味道真好。）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. —The oranges _______ sweet.
—Of course. They are from Yongxin， Chenzhou. （2016湖南郴州）
A. taste B. eat
C. drink
（ ）2. —The medicine _______ awful. I can’t stand it.
—I know， Jimmy. But it’s helpful for you. （2014云南昆明）
A. tastes B. eats
C. drinks D. takes
（ ）3. —The food looked bad， but it _______ OK.
—So we can’t judge a man by his appearance.
A. is tasted B. tasted
C. was tasted D. taste
（ ）4. —The soup is quite to my _______. —Me， too. Let’s come here again next time.
A. feeling B. money
C. choice D. taste
（ ）5. —He has a good _______ for art.
—He’ll be a great artist sooner or later.
A. opinion B. task
C. taste D. speech
【Keys： 1～5 AABDC】
7. wish
（1） wish作动词
① wish to do “希望做某事”
wish sb. to do sth. “希望某人去做某事”
◇例如：
If you wish to go away for the weekend， I’ll book the train ticket for you now. （如果你想外出度周末，我现在就给你订车票。）
I wish you to go with me. （我希望你跟我一起去。）
② wish sb. sth. “祝愿某人如何”
◇例如：
I wish you a wonderful holiday in France. （我祝愿你在法国度假愉快。）
③ wish that从句
wish that从句是虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。
◇例如：
I wish that I could fly like a bird. （我希望我能像鸟儿一样飞翔。）
（2） wish作名词
n. 愿望，祝福，祝愿
◇例如：
Please bring my best wishes to your family and your friends. （请把我最美好的祝福带给你的家人和朋友们。）
Cindy made three wishes on her tenth birthday. （辛迪在十岁生日时许下了三个愿望。）
（3） wish与hope用法的区别
① hope表达实现的可能性较大的愿望，wish表达的愿望实现的可能性较小。因此，wish的宾语从句须用虚拟语气，而hope不能。
◇例如：
The student hopes that you can help him with his English. （学生们希望你能帮他们补习英语）
The boy wished he had a brother like that. （那个男孩希望他有一个像那样的兄弟。）
②“希望某人干某事”应使用wish sb. to do sth. 而不用hope sb. to do sth.
◇例如：
All parents wish their children to be happy. （所有父母都希望他们的孩子快乐。） [动词不能用hope]
③在祝语中常用“wish sb. 宾语补足语”，而hope没有这样的句型。
◇例如：
I wish you a happy new year/a good journey. （祝你新年快乐/旅途愉快。）
④在答语中常用hope so/hope not表達“希望如此”和“希望不是这样”。
◇例如：
—Will it be fine tomorrow？ （明天会天晴吗？）
—I hope so. （但愿如此。）
⑤句型相同时wish与hope可换用。
◇例如：
They hope/wish to visit China. （他们希望访问中国。）
People should always hope/wish for the best and prepare for the worst. （人们应该抱乐观的态度，做最坏的打算。）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. —Has Jane done the washing yet？
—You cannot _______ her to do such a thing. （2015江苏苏州）
A. want B. hope
C. expect D. wish
（ ）2. —How I _______ to have a vacation！
—You can ask Mr. Robinson for a leave.
A. decide B. dream
C. imagine D. wish
（ ）3. —Harry _______ he could fly like a bird.
—His dream may come true in the future.
A. wishes B. hopes
C. expects D. decides
（ ）4. —It’ll be a fine day for us to go camping tomorrow.
—I _______ so.
A. want B. wish C. hope D. find
（ ）5. —Please bring my best _______ to your family.
—Thanks， I will.
A. hopes B. wishes
C. dreams D. promises
（ ）6. —Some people were killed in the earthquake， and some are lucky enough to be alive.
—That’s really bad， but while there is life， there is _______.
A. hope B. wish
C. victory D. failure
【Keys： 1～6 CDACBA】
8. turn
（1） 作名词
① n. 轮流；轮流的顺序；旋转；转弯处
◇例如：
You can’t do a right■hand turn here. （你不能在这里右转弯。）
② 相关短语：
take turns 轮流做某事儿
in turn 依次；逐个地
by turns 轮流地；逐个地
It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。
the turn of the year/century 年度/世纪的新旧交替时期；一年之始/世纪之初
◇例如：
You can’t both use the bike at once—you’ll have to take turns. （你们不能两人同时用这辆车——得轮流使用。）
The girls called out their names in turn. （那些女孩逐一报出自己的名字。）
We did the work by turns. （我们是轮流做这项工作的。）
Tonight it’s my turn to cook. （今晚轮到我做饭。）
（2） 作动词
① v. 转弯；转向；翻转；转动
◇例如：
Turn right at the end of the road. （在路的尽头向右转。）
The hands of the clock turn very slowly. （这个时钟的指针走得很慢。）
She turned the chair on its side to repair it. （她把椅子翻转过来修理。）
② v. 改变状态或形式
◇例如：
The weather has turned cold and windy. （天气变得寒冷而多风。）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. With inspiration （灵感） from other food cultures， American food culture can take a _______ for the better. （2013江苏）
A. share B. chance
C. turn D. lead
（ ）2. —I think you have too much luggage， don’t you？
—Yes. But it’s not easy to decide what to _______ behind.
A. take B. turn
C. keep D. leave
（ ）3. —Your story encourages me.
—By the way， it’s your _______ to tell me your story.
A. turn B. duty
C. time D. answer
【Keys： 1～3 CDA】
9. 辨析：spend，take，cost和pay
spend，cost，take和pay雖然都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同：
（1） spend的动作的发出者必须是人，常用于以下结构：
① spend time/money on sth. “在……上花费时间（金钱）”
◇例如：
I spent two hours on this math problem. （这道数学题花了我两个小时。）
② spend time/money （in） doing sth. “花费时间（金钱）做某事”
◇例如：
They spent two years （in） building this bridge. （造这座桥花了他们两年时间。）
（2） cost的动作的发出者是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常用于以下结构：
① sth. costs （sb.） money “某物花了（某人）多少钱”
◇例如：
A new computer costs a lot of money. （买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。）
② （doing） sth. costs （sb.） time “某物（做某事）耗费了（某人）多少时间” [指付出的代价，做出努力和牺牲，时间较笼统。] ◇例如：
Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. （他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。）
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost，并且不能用于被动句。
（3） take的动作发出者是物或某种活动，后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：
① It takes （sb.） time to do sth. “做某事花费（需要）（某人）多少时间” [it为形式主语，to do sth.为真正的主语]
◇例如：
It took them three years to build this road. （修这条路花了他们三年时间。）
② sth. /doing sth. takes （sb.） time “做某事花了（某人）多少时间”
◇例如：
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. （修车花了他一下午时间。）
The journey from London to Oxford takes about an hour and a half. （从伦敦到牛津大约需要一个半小时。）
（4） pay的基本用法是：
① pay （sb.） money for sth. “付钱（给某人）买……”
◇例如：
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. （我每个月要付给他们20英磅的房租。）
② pay for sth. “付……的钱”
◇例如：
I have to pay for the book lost. （我不得不赔丢失的书款。）
③ pay for sb. “替某人付钱”
◇例如：
Don’t worry！I’ll pay for you. （别担心，我会替你付钱的。）
④ pay sb. “付钱给某人”
◇例如：
They pay us every month. （他们每月给我们报酬。）
⑤ pay money back “还钱”
◇例如：
May I borrow 12 yuan from you？ I’ll pay it back next week. （你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。）
⑥ pay off the money “还清钱”
◇例如：
I can use that to pay off the money I borrowed from the bank. （我可以用这些还掉我从银行借的钱。）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. I’m interested in animals， so I _______ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.
A. pay B. cost
C. take D. spend
（ ）2. They spent too much time _______ the report.
A. writing B. to write
C. on writing D. write
（ ）3. —What beautiful shoes you’re wearing！They must be expensive.
—No， they only_______ l0 yuan.
A. spent B. took
C. paid D. cost
（ ）4. —Will you please _______ for my dinner， Peter？
—Sure！
A. spend B. pay
C. cost D. take
（ ）5. It will _______ me too much time to read this book.
A. take B. cost
C. spend D. pay
（ ）6. This science book _______ me a great amount of money.
A. took B. cost
C. used D. spent
（ ）7. —Do you often get on the Internet？
—Yes， I _______ lots of time on it. It’s a good way to kill time.
A. cost B. spend
C. take D. pay
（ ）8. —How much is the dress？
—It _______ me 400 yuan. （2015貴州铜仁）
A. cost B. spent
C. took D. paid
（ ）9. —The government is _______ plenty of money building the countryside.
—We are pleased with the government’s efforts. （2016湖北宜昌） A. costing B. paying C. taking D. spending
（ ）10. —It’s reported that Chinese people _______ more than 40 minutes a day reading WeChat （微信）.
—It’s true. But I think WeChat is taking too much of our time.
A. spend B. cost
C. pay D. take
（ ）11. —How much will the phone _______？
—The same as you said， eight hundred dollars each.
A. spend B. cost
C. pay D. afford
（ ）12. Before stamps were used， people didn’t _______ for the letters they sent， but for the letters they received.
A. pay B. cost
C. spend D. take
（ ）13. —Do you know the price of the ticket？
—Yes. Each _______ ￥180.
A. pays B. costs
C. takes D. spends
（ ）14. —How much is the ticket to Central Park？
—A one■way ticket _______ $40， and you can _______ another $20 for a round■trip.
A. costs； pay B. cost； spend
C. pay； spend D. spends； pay
【Keys： 1～5 DADBA 6～10 BBADA
11～14 BABA】
10. mind
（1） 作名词
n. 心智；头脑；决心
◇例如：
A moment of fear went through my mind but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. （片刻的恐惧穿过我的脑海，但我告诉自己要冷静下来，因为我还活着。）
（2） 作动词
① vt. 专心于，愿意做，介意，当心；照看
◇例如：
Mind my bike while I go into the shop， please. （我到商店里去的时候请帮我看一下自行车。）
Do you mind the noise？ （这声音影响你吗？）
Mind the wet paint. （当心，油漆未干。）
② 注意：
mind作“介意”讲时，常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，后面接动名词作宾语，不接动词不定式。
◇例如：
Would you mind showing me how to start this online tour？ （你能告诉我如何开始这个在线旅游吗？）
Never mind. There’s still plenty of time for them to score. （没有关系。还有很多时间，他们可以得分。）
I’m patient. I don’t mind waiting for people. （我很有耐心。我不介意等人。）
（3） 相关短语：
make up one’s mind 下决心
never mind 不用担心，别管；不要紧，没关系
to my mind 依我看，我认为
broaden/cultivate/enrich one’s mind 开阔心胸/陶冶情操/丰富思想
be in two minds about sth./doing sth. 对某事三心二意或犹豫不决
be of one mind （about sb./sth.） 對……意见一致
be out of one’s mind 发狂；发疯
keep sb./sth. in mind 记住……
bring/call sb./sth. to mind 想起……
mind your own business 少管闲事
change one’s mind 改变主意
【Exercise】
（ ）1. —I failed in China’s Got Talent this year.
—_______！I am sure you will win next year. （2014广东）
A. Never mind B. Good luck C. What a pity D. My pleasure
（ ）2. The thing that _______ is not whether you fail or not， but whether you try it or not. A. matters B. cares
C. considers D. minds
（ ）3. —Next Wednesday is mother’s 45th birthday.
—I’ve been keeping it in _______ and I’ve decided on the gift for her.
A. dream B. life
C. mind D. trouble
（ ）4. —Are you going out with Jade tonight？
—That’s my business. _______ your own！（2016河南）
A. Keep B. Mind
C. Leave D. Play
（ ）5. —When shall we change our seats？
—I’ve changed my _______. I’ll still sit where I’ve been sitting.
A. resolution B. expression
C. business D. mind
【Keys： 1～5 AACBD】
11. point
（1） 作名詞
① n. 得分；分数
◇例如：
You get a point every time you answer a question correctly. （每次你正确回答一个问题就会得到一分。）
② n. 点；小数点
◇例如：
The line AB cuts the line CD at the point E. （直线AB与直线CD相交于E点。）
③ n. 地点；尖端
◇例如：
I’ll wait for you at the meeting point in the hall. （我将在大厅的迎接点等你。）
④ n. 要点；论点；观点；看法
◇例如：
He missed the whole point of my speech. （他完全没抓住我演讲的重点。）
（2） 作动词
vt. 用手指等指；（意思上）指向；削尖；加标点于；指路
vi. 表明；指向
◇例如：
Just point the camera and press the button. （只要把照相机对准，然后按动快门就可以了。）
（3） 相关短语：
point at 指向；指示
point out 指出
point to 指向
make one’s point （清楚地，有说服力地）阐明观点
at all points 在各部分；在各方面；完全地
hold the opposite point 持有相反的观点
【Exercise】
（ ）1. —He always appears to _______.
—That’s because he’s really knowledgeable and experienced. （2015湖北宜昌）
A. make an effort B. have a point C. pull together D. take place
（ ）2. The guide _____ the tower across from the street and told us that it was built hundreds of years ago.
A. walked through B. paid for
C. broke into D. pointed to
（ ）3. —How did you go back to your hotel？
—When I lost my way， an kind old lady _______ the way to my hotel.
A. took B. followed
C. recalled D. pointed
（ ）4. —Jenny， it is bad to _______ your fingers at others while talking.
—Oh， sorry. I’ll try to break the bad habit.
A. place B. show
C. point D. circle
（ ）5. —What’s the best _______ of being a tour guide？
—Traveling around the world for free.
A. point B. excuse
C. promise D. friend
（ ）6. —Oh， there isn’t enough _______ for us in the lift.
—No hurry. Let’s wait for the next.
A. floor B. ground C. point D. space
（ ）7. —What did the teacher say about your composition？
—He _______ a few mistakes in it.
A. thought up B. cut off
C. pointed out D. got on
【Keys： 1～5 BDDCA 6～7 DC】
12. 辨析：information，news和message
（1） information指“what you tell somebody”或“facts”，即“信息”或“数据；事实”。
◇例如：
Can you give me some information about trains to London？ （您能不能给我一些开往伦敦的列车的数据？）
（2） news指“words that tell people about things that have just happened”，即“消息；新闻”。
◇例如：
Have you heard the news？ Betty is getting married. （你听说了吗？贝蒂要结婚了。）
（3） message指“words that one person sends to another”，即“向他人传送的信息；消息”。
◇例如：
Could you give a message to Jenny， please？ Please tell her I will be late. （请您给珍妮捎个口信行吗？请告诉她我会迟到。）
简言之，三者在用途上有区别。message是“留言，消息”，需要一个中间人；news是“新闻”；为不可数名词。information是“信息；资料”，不带感情色彩，为不可数名词。
【Exercise】
（ ）1. The Internet is very useful. We can get a lot of _______ from it. （2012广西玉林）
A. thing B. message
C. informations D. information
（ ）2. Great _______ for football lovers—more than 50，000 soccer schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025. （東营2016）
A. news B. message
C. situation D. information
（ ）3. —I called Carla several times， but she didn’t answer.
—Let’s leave her a _______ and ask her to meet us at the railway station.
A. news B. information
C. knowledge D. message
（ ）4. —I know nothing about the Japanese customs.
—It’s common _______ that the Japanese eat Sushi.
A. information B. knowledge
C. direction D. instruction
（ ）5. —Good _______！I got the last ticket to the concert.
—How lucky you are！
A. information B. notice C. news D. story
（ ）6. —Did you get the _______ that the sports meeting has been put off？
—Really？ Nobody told me about it.
A. message B. information C. notice D. invitation
【Keys： 1～6 DADBCA】
13. promise
（1） 作动词
v. 允诺；答应
① promise sth. （to sb.）
promise sb. sth.
◇例如：
She promised her help to me. （她答应过帮助我。）
I have promised myself a quiet weekend. （我打算过个清净的周末。）
② promise to do
◇例如：
The manager promised to hire the girl. （经理答应雇佣这个女孩。）
③ promise （sb.） that从句 （that从句为宾语从句）。
◇例如：
He promises me that he will buy a bike for my birthday gift. （他承诺给我买一辆自行车作为我的生日礼物。） （2） 作名词
① n. 允诺；诺言
◇例如：
I’m hoping you’ll keep your promise. （我希望你遵守诺言。）
We received many promises of help. （许多人答应帮助我们。）
② n. 希望；有前途
◇例如：
The boy first showed promise as an athlete in grade school. （这个男孩在上小学的时候就初次显示出成为运动员的潜力。）
（3） 相关短语：
give/make a promise 许诺
carry out/keep a promise 履行/遵守诺言
break a promise 违背诺言
◇例如：
In order to keep the promise， Murphy took Gloria to the nearest shop. （为了遵守诺言，墨菲带着葛洛莉去了最近的商店。）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. —I will buy you a new bike if you learn how to swim this summer.
—Is that a _______？ I’m sure I’ll get the bike. （2013江苏常州）
A. chance B. promise
C. trick D. treat
（ ）2. —Come home before dinner time， Peter！
—I _______， Mom. （武汉市2016）
A. promise B. guess
C. wish D. admire
（ ）3. —Mom， I will eat less fast food this year， believe me.
—If you make a _______， you must keep it. （2016湖北孝感）
A. joke B. noise C. mistake D. promise
（ ）4. —Say， Jane， will you come with me to the game this Friday？
—Thanks， Bob， but I _______ Mary I’d go with her.
A. cheated B. promised C. ordered D. praised
（ ）5. Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your _______， you must keep moving. （2016江蘇盐城）
A. promise B. position
C. balance D. ability
【Keys： 1～5 BADBC】
14. break
（1） 作动词
① vt. 打破；折断；破碎
◇例如：
I didn’t mean to break his nose. I just saw red. （我不是故意要打断他的鼻梁。我只是一时气急。）
② vt. 违反（法律、规定等）
◇例如：
If we see someone breaking the rules of
etiquette， we may politely give them some
suggestions. （如果我们看到有人违反礼仪规则，我们可以有礼貌地给他们一些建议。）
（2） 作名词
n. 休息，暂停
◇例如：
You need to take breaks away from the computer. （你需要远离电脑休息。）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. The computer system _______ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.
A. broke down B. broke out
C. broke up D. broke in
（ ）2. I had to _______ the conversation with my father because my phone suddenly rang.
A. carry on B. put down
C. cut out D. break off
（ ）3. —I’m trying to break the _______ of getting up too late.
—That’s quite good. Getting up early is a good lifestyle.
A. tradition B. convenience
C. habit D. silence
（ ）4. For our safety， we must _______ the traffic rules on the way to school. （2017湖北孝感） A. follow B. change C. make D. break
【Keys： 1～4 ADCA】
15. drop
（1） 作動词
① v. 丢下，掉下，落下
◇例如：
The apple dropped from the tree to the ground. （苹果从树上掉到地上。）
She was scared and dropped the cup. （她吓坏了，丢落了茶杯。）
② v. 减少，下降，下跌，减弱
◇例如：
The wind has dropped. （风势已减弱了。）
The price of the rice has dropped. （大米的价格已经降下来了。）
③ v. 丢下，放弃
◇例如：
You must drop smoking/the bad habit. （你必须戒烟/戒除这个坏习惯。）
Don’t drop math. （别放弃数学。）
④ v. 使下车
◇例如：
Drop me （off） at the corner. （让我在拐角处下车。）
⑤ drop in/by “探望，串门”
◇例如：
Please drop in to see us if you are in Bradford. （如果你到布拉福特，请顺便来看看我们。）
（2） 作名词
n. 滴；水滴
◇例如：
A drop of rain fell on my face. （一滴雨落在我的脸上。）
（3） 辨析：drop和fall
① 表示从高处往下掉或降，两者有时可互换。
◇例如：
The temperature has dropped/fallen. （气温降低了。）
② fall表示“落下”时，多指无意识的行为，有自然坠落之意，且通常是不及物动词；drop 既可指无意的行为，即表示“落下”（不及物），也可指有意的行为，即表示“投下”（及物）。
◇例如：
He dropped the letter into the mail■box. （他把信投入信箱.）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. I’d like to _______ and see you sometime next week.
A. drop B. drop behind
C. drop from D. drop in
（ ）2. Cindy thinks she _______ her wallet in the movie theater.
A. lost B. left
C. threw D. dropped
（ ）3. The boy didn’t ride his bike carefully
enough and _______ it.
A. dropped by B. dropped off C. fell off D. fell into
（ ）4. —I thought you had _______ English.
—No. It has been useful in my work. （2009湖北武汉）
A. studied B. dropped
C. failed D. passed
（ ）5. —The rain has kept _______ for a few days.
—Don’t worry. The weather says it’ll be fine tomorrow.
A. falling B. dropping
C. running D. polluting
（ ）6. —There was a sudden _______ in temperature this morning.
—It became so cold suddenly. I can’t stand it.
A. rise B. drop
C. stop D. surprise
【Keys： 1～6 DDCBAB】
16. develop
（1） vt. 开发
◇例如：
China is now try her best to develop the western China. （中国正在努力开发西部。）
（2） vt. 使发展
◇例如：
He says his country wants to develop its traditional friendship with China. （他说他们的国家希望发展和中国的传统友谊。）
（3） vt. 形成，养成
◇例如：
The best way to make sure that we will feel and look fine is to develop healthy eating habits. （确保我们身体健康的一个最好方法就是养成良好的饮食习惯。）
（1） n. 顏色；肤色；颜料；脸色
◇例如：
Nancy liked the skirt well enough， but complained about the color. （南希还挺喜欢这件裙子，只是有点不满意它的颜色。）
The color is coming back to your face. （你的气色在好转。）
（2） vt. 粉饰；给……涂颜色
◇例如：
The sun was beginning to color the sky above. （太阳开始给上方的天空涂抹色彩。）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. Look at the flowers！They are in different _______. （2014浙江温州）
A. prices B. sizes
C. colors D. names
（ ）2. —Kids， _______ the little ducks yellow.
—But Miss Yang， I have no paints.
A. color B. leave C. cause D. feed
（ ）3. —Which shirt would you like？
—The black one. The _______ matches my new skirt quite well.
A. size B. background
C. weight D. color
【Keys： 1～3 CAD】
2. dictionary
（1） n. 字典；词典；辞书
◇例如：
I read English magazines with the help of a dictionary. （我借助字典翻阅英文杂志。）
When he writes， he always keeps a dictionary at hand. （他写作时手边总备有一本词典。）
（2） 相关短语：
a living dictionary 活词典；学识渊博的人
a walking dictionary/library 活词典；学识渊博的人
speak like a dictionary 讲话很有学问（或很精确）；谈吐渊博
up to dictionary [俚语] 学识渊博
【Exercise】
（ ）When I don’t understand the math problem， Tom always helps me with it. He is my walking _______. （2014浙江杭州）
A. dialogue B. history
C. dictionary D. breakfast
【Key： C】
3. excuse
（1） n. 借口；理由
◇例如：
Loser always has an excuse. （失败者总有借口。）
（2） vt. 原谅；为……申辩；给……免去
vi. 作为借口；请求宽恕；表示宽恕
◇例如：
He excused himself by saying he was late because of the terrible weather. （他为自己辩解说自己迟到是因为天气恶劣。）
Many people might have excused him for something wrong that he has done. （很多人可能已经原谅了他做过的一些错事。）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. —Look， the boss is very angry with Alex.
—Well， he came late again. But that’s no _______ to shout at him. （2016湖北武汉）
A. problem B. lesson C. excuse D. reason
（ ）2. —I hope you’ll _______ me， Mr. Crum.
—It doesn’t matter this time， but remember it’s rude to speak to people like that.
A. refuse B. excuse
C. believe D. protect
（ ）3. —He can find many _______ for not attending school.
—He probably puts his mind to online games not to studies.
A. mistakes B. results C. customs D. excuses
（ ）4. —Let’s hurry.
—Yes， very often dark clouds are a _______ of rain.
A. mark B. sign C. chance D. excuse （ ）5. —How about the girl hurt in the traffic accident？
—The situation allows no _______. We have to send her to the hospital as soon as possible.
A. help B. excuse C. hurry D. surprise
【Keys： 1～5 CBDBB】
4. trip
（1） n. 旅行；轻快的步伐
◇例如：
I am interested in the ten■week trip next spring. （我对明年春天为期10周的旅行感兴趣。）
（2） 相关短语：
a trip to the moon 到月球的旅行
make/take a trip 旅行
a pleasant trip 愉快的旅行
business trip 公务旅行；出差
◇例如：
Mark was sent to the Far East on a business trip. （马克被派往远东出差。）
Last week， I had a pleasant trip to the wonderful capital of our country， Beijing. （上周，我到我国首都北京进行了一次愉快的旅行。）
（3） 辨析：trip，journey，tour和travel
① trip常指短距离的，直达目的地的旅行，在日常用语中，trip可与journey通用。
◇例如：
I am going on a trip to the seaside during the summer holidays. （暑假期间我将去海边旅行。）
He went on a trip to Paris. （他去巴黎旅行了。）
② journey主要指单程较远距离的海、陆、空旅行。表示“去旅行”时，应使用go on a journey，而不是go to a journey。
◇例如：
Mr. Smith went on a journey from Paris to New York. （史密斯先生进行了一次从巴黎到纽约的旅行。）
A pleasant journey to you. （祝你旅途愉快。）
③ tour 指“旅行，周游，观光”，主要目的是游览或视察，距离可长可短，常带有“最后回到出发地”的含义。
◇例如：
He is making a tour of the world. （他周游世界去了。）
They spent two months on a tour through most of the countries of Europe. （他们用了两个月的时间去旅行，游历了欧洲的大部分国家。）
④ travel一般指到国外或远方旅行，它与journey的不同之处在于不着重某一目的地，有“到各地游历”的意思，作名词时常用复数形式。
◇例如：
He has just returned from his travels. （他刚刚旅行回来。）
One day in his travels in China， he got to Guangzhou. （在中国旅行期间的一天，他去了广州。）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. —What do you think of your last _______？
—I had a very scary experience in the mountains. I won’t go there again. （2014湖北鄂州）
A. assistant B. trip
C. study D. examination
（ ）2. —I can’t see many kinds of birds here in winter.
—That’s because lots of them _______ to the north during September.
A. travel B. tour
C. trip D. send
（ ）3. —I’ll go to Sydney next week.
—That’s quite a long _______. Take care.
A. trip B. tour
C. travel D. journey
（ ）4. —I don’t like the bus _______. It’s cheap but not comfortable.
—Me neither. I prefer to ride on the train.
A. trip B. tour
C. travel D. journey
【Keys： 1～4 BADC】
5. price
（1） n. 價格；价值；代价
◇例如：
They will have to pay a high price for the house. （他们将不得不高价买下这栋房子。） （2） vt. 給……定价
◇例如：
They are expected to be priced at about 330 yuan. （他们的价格可能会定在330元左右。）
（3） 相关短语：
price list 价格表
ceiling price 最高价
selling price 售价
wholesale price 批发价
price tag 价格标签；价格牌
list price 标价；定价
total price 总价；总费用
floor price 底价；最低价
fixed price 固定价格；定价
fair price 公平价格
【Exercise】
（ ）1. —I want to buy a ticket of the film The Monkey King. Do you know its _______？
—I am not sure. Maybe it’s 80 yuan. （2014浙江温岭）
A. cover B. size C. color D. price
（ ）2. —How about five dollars a hat， madam？
—The price sounds _______. I’ll take three then.
A. cheap B. fair C. strange D. convenient
（ ）3. —What about this mobile phone？ It is 8，400 yuan.
—It’s much too expensive. I don’t want to pay such a high _______.
A. cost B. bill
C. temperature D. price
（ ）4. —Are these eggs on sale here？
—Yes， they are divided into many grades and sold at different _______.
A. prices B. shapes C. colors D. sizes
（ ）5. What _______ will global warming bring us？ Scientists have given us a clear list.
A. news B. dangers C. prices D. advantages
【Keys： 1～5 DBDAB】
6. taste
（1） taste作名词
① n. 味觉；味道
◇例如：
I like the taste of wine and enjoy trying different kinds. （我喜欢葡萄酒的味道，喜欢品尝不同的口味。）
② n. 尝试；鉴赏力；品味
◇例如：
We have a taste of the white wine he’s brought. （我们尝了尝他带来的白葡萄酒。）
③ n. 爱好
◇例如：
She tried to educate her son’s taste in music. （她试图培养她儿子对音乐的爱好。）
2） taste作动词
① v. 品尝
◇例如：
Please taste the soup and see if it has enough salt. （请尝一口汤，看盐放得够不够。）
② v. 有……味道的（或气息）（taste of/like）
◇例如：
This sauce tastes of tomato. （这调味酱有番茄味。）
③ taste作系动词
◇例如：
The meat tastes delicious. （这肉味道真好。）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. —The oranges _______ sweet.
—Of course. They are from Yongxin， Chenzhou. （2016湖南郴州）
A. taste B. eat
C. drink
（ ）2. —The medicine _______ awful. I can’t stand it.
—I know， Jimmy. But it’s helpful for you. （2014云南昆明）
A. tastes B. eats
C. drinks D. takes
（ ）3. —The food looked bad， but it _______ OK.
—So we can’t judge a man by his appearance.
A. is tasted B. tasted
C. was tasted D. taste
（ ）4. —The soup is quite to my _______. —Me， too. Let’s come here again next time.
A. feeling B. money
C. choice D. taste
（ ）5. —He has a good _______ for art.
—He’ll be a great artist sooner or later.
A. opinion B. task
C. taste D. speech
【Keys： 1～5 AABDC】
7. wish
（1） wish作动词
① wish to do “希望做某事”
wish sb. to do sth. “希望某人去做某事”
◇例如：
If you wish to go away for the weekend， I’ll book the train ticket for you now. （如果你想外出度周末，我现在就给你订车票。）
I wish you to go with me. （我希望你跟我一起去。）
② wish sb. sth. “祝愿某人如何”
◇例如：
I wish you a wonderful holiday in France. （我祝愿你在法国度假愉快。）
③ wish that从句
wish that从句是虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。
◇例如：
I wish that I could fly like a bird. （我希望我能像鸟儿一样飞翔。）
（2） wish作名词
n. 愿望，祝福，祝愿
◇例如：
Please bring my best wishes to your family and your friends. （请把我最美好的祝福带给你的家人和朋友们。）
Cindy made three wishes on her tenth birthday. （辛迪在十岁生日时许下了三个愿望。）
（3） wish与hope用法的区别
① hope表达实现的可能性较大的愿望，wish表达的愿望实现的可能性较小。因此，wish的宾语从句须用虚拟语气，而hope不能。
◇例如：
The student hopes that you can help him with his English. （学生们希望你能帮他们补习英语）
The boy wished he had a brother like that. （那个男孩希望他有一个像那样的兄弟。）
②“希望某人干某事”应使用wish sb. to do sth. 而不用hope sb. to do sth.
◇例如：
All parents wish their children to be happy. （所有父母都希望他们的孩子快乐。） [动词不能用hope]
③在祝语中常用“wish sb. 宾语补足语”，而hope没有这样的句型。
◇例如：
I wish you a happy new year/a good journey. （祝你新年快乐/旅途愉快。）
④在答语中常用hope so/hope not表達“希望如此”和“希望不是这样”。
◇例如：
—Will it be fine tomorrow？ （明天会天晴吗？）
—I hope so. （但愿如此。）
⑤句型相同时wish与hope可换用。
◇例如：
They hope/wish to visit China. （他们希望访问中国。）
People should always hope/wish for the best and prepare for the worst. （人们应该抱乐观的态度，做最坏的打算。）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. —Has Jane done the washing yet？
—You cannot _______ her to do such a thing. （2015江苏苏州）
A. want B. hope
C. expect D. wish
（ ）2. —How I _______ to have a vacation！
—You can ask Mr. Robinson for a leave.
A. decide B. dream
C. imagine D. wish
（ ）3. —Harry _______ he could fly like a bird.
—His dream may come true in the future.
A. wishes B. hopes
C. expects D. decides
（ ）4. —It’ll be a fine day for us to go camping tomorrow.
—I _______ so.
A. want B. wish C. hope D. find
（ ）5. —Please bring my best _______ to your family.
—Thanks， I will.
A. hopes B. wishes
C. dreams D. promises
（ ）6. —Some people were killed in the earthquake， and some are lucky enough to be alive.
—That’s really bad， but while there is life， there is _______.
A. hope B. wish
C. victory D. failure
【Keys： 1～6 CDACBA】
8. turn
（1） 作名词
① n. 轮流；轮流的顺序；旋转；转弯处
◇例如：
You can’t do a right■hand turn here. （你不能在这里右转弯。）
② 相关短语：
take turns 轮流做某事儿
in turn 依次；逐个地
by turns 轮流地；逐个地
It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。
the turn of the year/century 年度/世纪的新旧交替时期；一年之始/世纪之初
◇例如：
You can’t both use the bike at once—you’ll have to take turns. （你们不能两人同时用这辆车——得轮流使用。）
The girls called out their names in turn. （那些女孩逐一报出自己的名字。）
We did the work by turns. （我们是轮流做这项工作的。）
Tonight it’s my turn to cook. （今晚轮到我做饭。）
（2） 作动词
① v. 转弯；转向；翻转；转动
◇例如：
Turn right at the end of the road. （在路的尽头向右转。）
The hands of the clock turn very slowly. （这个时钟的指针走得很慢。）
She turned the chair on its side to repair it. （她把椅子翻转过来修理。）
② v. 改变状态或形式
◇例如：
The weather has turned cold and windy. （天气变得寒冷而多风。）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. With inspiration （灵感） from other food cultures， American food culture can take a _______ for the better. （2013江苏）
A. share B. chance
C. turn D. lead
（ ）2. —I think you have too much luggage， don’t you？
—Yes. But it’s not easy to decide what to _______ behind.
A. take B. turn
C. keep D. leave
（ ）3. —Your story encourages me.
—By the way， it’s your _______ to tell me your story.
A. turn B. duty
C. time D. answer
【Keys： 1～3 CDA】
9. 辨析：spend，take，cost和pay
spend，cost，take和pay雖然都可以表示“花费”，但用法却不尽相同：
（1） spend的动作的发出者必须是人，常用于以下结构：
① spend time/money on sth. “在……上花费时间（金钱）”
◇例如：
I spent two hours on this math problem. （这道数学题花了我两个小时。）
② spend time/money （in） doing sth. “花费时间（金钱）做某事”
◇例如：
They spent two years （in） building this bridge. （造这座桥花了他们两年时间。）
（2） cost的动作的发出者是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”，常用于以下结构：
① sth. costs （sb.） money “某物花了（某人）多少钱”
◇例如：
A new computer costs a lot of money. （买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。）
② （doing） sth. costs （sb.） time “某物（做某事）耗费了（某人）多少时间” [指付出的代价，做出努力和牺牲，时间较笼统。] ◇例如：
Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. （他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。）
注意：cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost，并且不能用于被动句。
（3） take的动作发出者是物或某种活动，后面常跟双宾语，常见用法有以下几种：
① It takes （sb.） time to do sth. “做某事花费（需要）（某人）多少时间” [it为形式主语，to do sth.为真正的主语]
◇例如：
It took them three years to build this road. （修这条路花了他们三年时间。）
② sth. /doing sth. takes （sb.） time “做某事花了（某人）多少时间”
◇例如：
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. （修车花了他一下午时间。）
The journey from London to Oxford takes about an hour and a half. （从伦敦到牛津大约需要一个半小时。）
（4） pay的基本用法是：
① pay （sb.） money for sth. “付钱（给某人）买……”
◇例如：
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. （我每个月要付给他们20英磅的房租。）
② pay for sth. “付……的钱”
◇例如：
I have to pay for the book lost. （我不得不赔丢失的书款。）
③ pay for sb. “替某人付钱”
◇例如：
Don’t worry！I’ll pay for you. （别担心，我会替你付钱的。）
④ pay sb. “付钱给某人”
◇例如：
They pay us every month. （他们每月给我们报酬。）
⑤ pay money back “还钱”
◇例如：
May I borrow 12 yuan from you？ I’ll pay it back next week. （你能借给我12块钱吗？下周还你。）
⑥ pay off the money “还清钱”
◇例如：
I can use that to pay off the money I borrowed from the bank. （我可以用这些还掉我从银行借的钱。）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. I’m interested in animals， so I _______ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.
A. pay B. cost
C. take D. spend
（ ）2. They spent too much time _______ the report.
A. writing B. to write
C. on writing D. write
（ ）3. —What beautiful shoes you’re wearing！They must be expensive.
—No， they only_______ l0 yuan.
A. spent B. took
C. paid D. cost
（ ）4. —Will you please _______ for my dinner， Peter？
—Sure！
A. spend B. pay
C. cost D. take
（ ）5. It will _______ me too much time to read this book.
A. take B. cost
C. spend D. pay
（ ）6. This science book _______ me a great amount of money.
A. took B. cost
C. used D. spent
（ ）7. —Do you often get on the Internet？
—Yes， I _______ lots of time on it. It’s a good way to kill time.
A. cost B. spend
C. take D. pay
（ ）8. —How much is the dress？
—It _______ me 400 yuan. （2015貴州铜仁）
A. cost B. spent
C. took D. paid
（ ）9. —The government is _______ plenty of money building the countryside.
—We are pleased with the government’s efforts. （2016湖北宜昌） A. costing B. paying C. taking D. spending
（ ）10. —It’s reported that Chinese people _______ more than 40 minutes a day reading WeChat （微信）.
—It’s true. But I think WeChat is taking too much of our time.
A. spend B. cost
C. pay D. take
（ ）11. —How much will the phone _______？
—The same as you said， eight hundred dollars each.
A. spend B. cost
C. pay D. afford
（ ）12. Before stamps were used， people didn’t _______ for the letters they sent， but for the letters they received.
A. pay B. cost
C. spend D. take
（ ）13. —Do you know the price of the ticket？
—Yes. Each _______ ￥180.
A. pays B. costs
C. takes D. spends
（ ）14. —How much is the ticket to Central Park？
—A one■way ticket _______ $40， and you can _______ another $20 for a round■trip.
A. costs； pay B. cost； spend
C. pay； spend D. spends； pay
【Keys： 1～5 DADBA 6～10 BBADA
11～14 BABA】
10. mind
（1） 作名词
n. 心智；头脑；决心
◇例如：
A moment of fear went through my mind but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. （片刻的恐惧穿过我的脑海，但我告诉自己要冷静下来，因为我还活着。）
（2） 作动词
① vt. 专心于，愿意做，介意，当心；照看
◇例如：
Mind my bike while I go into the shop， please. （我到商店里去的时候请帮我看一下自行车。）
Do you mind the noise？ （这声音影响你吗？）
Mind the wet paint. （当心，油漆未干。）
② 注意：
mind作“介意”讲时，常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，后面接动名词作宾语，不接动词不定式。
◇例如：
Would you mind showing me how to start this online tour？ （你能告诉我如何开始这个在线旅游吗？）
Never mind. There’s still plenty of time for them to score. （没有关系。还有很多时间，他们可以得分。）
I’m patient. I don’t mind waiting for people. （我很有耐心。我不介意等人。）
（3） 相关短语：
make up one’s mind 下决心
never mind 不用担心，别管；不要紧，没关系
to my mind 依我看，我认为
broaden/cultivate/enrich one’s mind 开阔心胸/陶冶情操/丰富思想
be in two minds about sth./doing sth. 对某事三心二意或犹豫不决
be of one mind （about sb./sth.） 對……意见一致
be out of one’s mind 发狂；发疯
keep sb./sth. in mind 记住……
bring/call sb./sth. to mind 想起……
mind your own business 少管闲事
change one’s mind 改变主意
【Exercise】
（ ）1. —I failed in China’s Got Talent this year.
—_______！I am sure you will win next year. （2014广东）
A. Never mind B. Good luck C. What a pity D. My pleasure
（ ）2. The thing that _______ is not whether you fail or not， but whether you try it or not. A. matters B. cares
C. considers D. minds
（ ）3. —Next Wednesday is mother’s 45th birthday.
—I’ve been keeping it in _______ and I’ve decided on the gift for her.
A. dream B. life
C. mind D. trouble
（ ）4. —Are you going out with Jade tonight？
—That’s my business. _______ your own！（2016河南）
A. Keep B. Mind
C. Leave D. Play
（ ）5. —When shall we change our seats？
—I’ve changed my _______. I’ll still sit where I’ve been sitting.
A. resolution B. expression
C. business D. mind
【Keys： 1～5 AACBD】
11. point
（1） 作名詞
① n. 得分；分数
◇例如：
You get a point every time you answer a question correctly. （每次你正确回答一个问题就会得到一分。）
② n. 点；小数点
◇例如：
The line AB cuts the line CD at the point E. （直线AB与直线CD相交于E点。）
③ n. 地点；尖端
◇例如：
I’ll wait for you at the meeting point in the hall. （我将在大厅的迎接点等你。）
④ n. 要点；论点；观点；看法
◇例如：
He missed the whole point of my speech. （他完全没抓住我演讲的重点。）
（2） 作动词
vt. 用手指等指；（意思上）指向；削尖；加标点于；指路
vi. 表明；指向
◇例如：
Just point the camera and press the button. （只要把照相机对准，然后按动快门就可以了。）
（3） 相关短语：
point at 指向；指示
point out 指出
point to 指向
make one’s point （清楚地，有说服力地）阐明观点
at all points 在各部分；在各方面；完全地
hold the opposite point 持有相反的观点
【Exercise】
（ ）1. —He always appears to _______.
—That’s because he’s really knowledgeable and experienced. （2015湖北宜昌）
A. make an effort B. have a point C. pull together D. take place
（ ）2. The guide _____ the tower across from the street and told us that it was built hundreds of years ago.
A. walked through B. paid for
C. broke into D. pointed to
（ ）3. —How did you go back to your hotel？
—When I lost my way， an kind old lady _______ the way to my hotel.
A. took B. followed
C. recalled D. pointed
（ ）4. —Jenny， it is bad to _______ your fingers at others while talking.
—Oh， sorry. I’ll try to break the bad habit.
A. place B. show
C. point D. circle
（ ）5. —What’s the best _______ of being a tour guide？
—Traveling around the world for free.
A. point B. excuse
C. promise D. friend
（ ）6. —Oh， there isn’t enough _______ for us in the lift.
—No hurry. Let’s wait for the next.
A. floor B. ground C. point D. space
（ ）7. —What did the teacher say about your composition？
—He _______ a few mistakes in it.
A. thought up B. cut off
C. pointed out D. got on
【Keys： 1～5 BDDCA 6～7 DC】
12. 辨析：information，news和message
（1） information指“what you tell somebody”或“facts”，即“信息”或“数据；事实”。
◇例如：
Can you give me some information about trains to London？ （您能不能给我一些开往伦敦的列车的数据？）
（2） news指“words that tell people about things that have just happened”，即“消息；新闻”。
◇例如：
Have you heard the news？ Betty is getting married. （你听说了吗？贝蒂要结婚了。）
（3） message指“words that one person sends to another”，即“向他人传送的信息；消息”。
◇例如：
Could you give a message to Jenny， please？ Please tell her I will be late. （请您给珍妮捎个口信行吗？请告诉她我会迟到。）
简言之，三者在用途上有区别。message是“留言，消息”，需要一个中间人；news是“新闻”；为不可数名词。information是“信息；资料”，不带感情色彩，为不可数名词。
【Exercise】
（ ）1. The Internet is very useful. We can get a lot of _______ from it. （2012广西玉林）
A. thing B. message
C. informations D. information
（ ）2. Great _______ for football lovers—more than 50，000 soccer schools will be built in our country by the end of 2025. （東营2016）
A. news B. message
C. situation D. information
（ ）3. —I called Carla several times， but she didn’t answer.
—Let’s leave her a _______ and ask her to meet us at the railway station.
A. news B. information
C. knowledge D. message
（ ）4. —I know nothing about the Japanese customs.
—It’s common _______ that the Japanese eat Sushi.
A. information B. knowledge
C. direction D. instruction
（ ）5. —Good _______！I got the last ticket to the concert.
—How lucky you are！
A. information B. notice C. news D. story
（ ）6. —Did you get the _______ that the sports meeting has been put off？
—Really？ Nobody told me about it.
A. message B. information C. notice D. invitation
【Keys： 1～6 DADBCA】
13. promise
（1） 作动词
v. 允诺；答应
① promise sth. （to sb.）
promise sb. sth.
◇例如：
She promised her help to me. （她答应过帮助我。）
I have promised myself a quiet weekend. （我打算过个清净的周末。）
② promise to do
◇例如：
The manager promised to hire the girl. （经理答应雇佣这个女孩。）
③ promise （sb.） that从句 （that从句为宾语从句）。
◇例如：
He promises me that he will buy a bike for my birthday gift. （他承诺给我买一辆自行车作为我的生日礼物。） （2） 作名词
① n. 允诺；诺言
◇例如：
I’m hoping you’ll keep your promise. （我希望你遵守诺言。）
We received many promises of help. （许多人答应帮助我们。）
② n. 希望；有前途
◇例如：
The boy first showed promise as an athlete in grade school. （这个男孩在上小学的时候就初次显示出成为运动员的潜力。）
（3） 相关短语：
give/make a promise 许诺
carry out/keep a promise 履行/遵守诺言
break a promise 违背诺言
◇例如：
In order to keep the promise， Murphy took Gloria to the nearest shop. （为了遵守诺言，墨菲带着葛洛莉去了最近的商店。）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. —I will buy you a new bike if you learn how to swim this summer.
—Is that a _______？ I’m sure I’ll get the bike. （2013江苏常州）
A. chance B. promise
C. trick D. treat
（ ）2. —Come home before dinner time， Peter！
—I _______， Mom. （武汉市2016）
A. promise B. guess
C. wish D. admire
（ ）3. —Mom， I will eat less fast food this year， believe me.
—If you make a _______， you must keep it. （2016湖北孝感）
A. joke B. noise C. mistake D. promise
（ ）4. —Say， Jane， will you come with me to the game this Friday？
—Thanks， Bob， but I _______ Mary I’d go with her.
A. cheated B. promised C. ordered D. praised
（ ）5. Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your _______， you must keep moving. （2016江蘇盐城）
A. promise B. position
C. balance D. ability
【Keys： 1～5 BADBC】
14. break
（1） 作动词
① vt. 打破；折断；破碎
◇例如：
I didn’t mean to break his nose. I just saw red. （我不是故意要打断他的鼻梁。我只是一时气急。）
② vt. 违反（法律、规定等）
◇例如：
If we see someone breaking the rules of
etiquette， we may politely give them some
suggestions. （如果我们看到有人违反礼仪规则，我们可以有礼貌地给他们一些建议。）
（2） 作名词
n. 休息，暂停
◇例如：
You need to take breaks away from the computer. （你需要远离电脑休息。）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. The computer system _______ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet.
A. broke down B. broke out
C. broke up D. broke in
（ ）2. I had to _______ the conversation with my father because my phone suddenly rang.
A. carry on B. put down
C. cut out D. break off
（ ）3. —I’m trying to break the _______ of getting up too late.
—That’s quite good. Getting up early is a good lifestyle.
A. tradition B. convenience
C. habit D. silence
（ ）4. For our safety， we must _______ the traffic rules on the way to school. （2017湖北孝感） A. follow B. change C. make D. break
【Keys： 1～4 ADCA】
15. drop
（1） 作動词
① v. 丢下，掉下，落下
◇例如：
The apple dropped from the tree to the ground. （苹果从树上掉到地上。）
She was scared and dropped the cup. （她吓坏了，丢落了茶杯。）
② v. 减少，下降，下跌，减弱
◇例如：
The wind has dropped. （风势已减弱了。）
The price of the rice has dropped. （大米的价格已经降下来了。）
③ v. 丢下，放弃
◇例如：
You must drop smoking/the bad habit. （你必须戒烟/戒除这个坏习惯。）
Don’t drop math. （别放弃数学。）
④ v. 使下车
◇例如：
Drop me （off） at the corner. （让我在拐角处下车。）
⑤ drop in/by “探望，串门”
◇例如：
Please drop in to see us if you are in Bradford. （如果你到布拉福特，请顺便来看看我们。）
（2） 作名词
n. 滴；水滴
◇例如：
A drop of rain fell on my face. （一滴雨落在我的脸上。）
（3） 辨析：drop和fall
① 表示从高处往下掉或降，两者有时可互换。
◇例如：
The temperature has dropped/fallen. （气温降低了。）
② fall表示“落下”时，多指无意识的行为，有自然坠落之意，且通常是不及物动词；drop 既可指无意的行为，即表示“落下”（不及物），也可指有意的行为，即表示“投下”（及物）。
◇例如：
He dropped the letter into the mail■box. （他把信投入信箱.）
【Exercise】
（ ）1. I’d like to _______ and see you sometime next week.
A. drop B. drop behind
C. drop from D. drop in
（ ）2. Cindy thinks she _______ her wallet in the movie theater.
A. lost B. left
C. threw D. dropped
（ ）3. The boy didn’t ride his bike carefully
enough and _______ it.
A. dropped by B. dropped off C. fell off D. fell into
（ ）4. —I thought you had _______ English.
—No. It has been useful in my work. （2009湖北武汉）
A. studied B. dropped
C. failed D. passed
（ ）5. —The rain has kept _______ for a few days.
—Don’t worry. The weather says it’ll be fine tomorrow.
A. falling B. dropping
C. running D. polluting
（ ）6. —There was a sudden _______ in temperature this morning.
—It became so cold suddenly. I can’t stand it.
A. rise B. drop
C. stop D. surprise
【Keys： 1～6 DDCBAB】
16. develop
（1） vt. 开发
◇例如：
China is now try her best to develop the western China. （中国正在努力开发西部。）
（2） vt. 使发展
◇例如：
He says his country wants to develop its traditional friendship with China. （他说他们的国家希望发展和中国的传统友谊。）
（3） vt. 形成，养成
◇例如：
The best way to make sure that we will feel and look fine is to develop healthy eating habits. （确保我们身体健康的一个最好方法就是养成良好的饮食习惯。）