长期以来,国际社会秉持这样一种观点:民主在道德上是值得追求的,甚至是唯一的政治目标,一个国家的政治发展道路就是建立民主并不断改善民主的质量和水平。这一观念似乎已经根深蒂固。然而,20世纪后期大量发展中国家选择西式民主道路之后,出现在它们面前的却是政局不稳、贫富分化、经济衰退、社会不平等、法治不彰、部族冲突、腐败盛行甚至国家分裂等问题。即便是西 For a long time, the international community upholds the view that democracy is morally desirable or even the only political goal. The political development path of a country is to establish democracy and continuously improve the quality and level of democracy. This idea seems to have been deeply rooted. However, after a large number of developing countries in the late 20th century chose Western-style democracies, what appeared before them was political instability, the polarization of the rich and the poor, the economic recession, social inequality, the weak rule of law, clan conflicts, the prevalence of corruption and even the division of the state problem. Even the west