“言有所为”是言语行为理论的重要术语,是英国哲学家约翰·兰索·奥斯汀(John Langshaw Austin)于五十年代提出的。他认为,在特定的情况下,在特定的语境中,特定的人说不同的话时实际上构成了某些行为的实施。换句话说,说话人在说这些话的时候不是在陈述或描述,而是在完成某一动作——如结婚宣誓,命名,遗赠,打赌。除了这些习俗化的活动,说话人日常话语的“言有所为”还包括“许诺”、“警告”、“道欺”、“欢迎”等动作行为。(参见何兆熊《语用学概要》) “Making the difference” is an important term for speech act theory and was proposed by the British philosopher John Langshaw Austin in the 1950s. In a particular context, he argues, in a particular context, the specific person speaking something different actually constitutes the implementation of certain acts. In other words, the speaker is not speaking or describing what he or she is saying, but is doing something - such as marriage, oath, naming, bequest, betting. In addition to these customary activities, the speaker’s “words and actions” of daily discourse also include actions such as “promise”, “warning”, “cheating” and “welcome.” (See He Zhaoxiong “Pragmatics Summary”)