目的　探讨碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和地塞米松对骨髓基质细胞增殖和分化的影响。　方法　分别测定不同浓度碱性成纤维细胞生长因子或地塞米松作用一定时间后骨髓基质细胞增殖和分化特性的变化。　结果　碱性成纤维细胞生长因子浓度为 10 0 μg L时 ,对骨髓基质细胞的促增殖作用最明显 ,但同时碱性磷酸酶活性也最低。地塞米松对骨髓基质细胞的增殖起抑制作用 ,这种作用随地塞米松浓度的升高而增强 ;同时 ,地塞米松可显著增强骨髓基质细胞的碱性磷酸酶活性 ,浓度越高作用也越明显 ,到 6d时与对照组相比可增加 2～ 4倍。　结论　碱性成纤维细胞生长因子促进骨髓基质细胞的增殖、抑制其分化 ;地塞米松抑制骨髓基质细胞的增殖 ,但可促进它分化 ,浓度为 10 - 8mol L最合适 Objective To investigate the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor and dexamethasone on the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. Methods The changes of proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells after different concentrations of basic fibroblast growth factor or dexamethasone for a certain period of time were determined. Results When the concentration of basic fibroblast growth factor was 100 μg L, the most obvious effect was on the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells, but at the same time the activity of alkaline phosphatase was the lowest. Dexamethasone inhibited the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells, which was enhanced with the increase of dexamethasone concentration. Meanwhile, dexamethasone could significantly enhance the alkaline phosphatase activity of bone marrow stromal cells, and the higher the concentration, the more the effect Obviously, by 6d compared with the control group can increase 2 to 4 times. Conclusion Basic fibroblast growth factor can promote the proliferation and inhibit the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. Dexamethasone can inhibit the proliferation of bone marrow stromal cells, but it can promote the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells. The optimal concentration is 10 - 8 mol L