分析影响氢卤酸强度的三个因素(卤离子半径或卤原子共价半径,元素的电负性、质子亲合能),推导出计算氢卤酸强度(pK_a)的三个经验公式:pK_a=-84lgr+0.061 8((M-1)~5-1)~(1/2)+182.40(1)式中 r 为卤离子半径,M 为卤素所在的周期数;pK_a=920(△X)~(1/2)/r-16(2)△X 为卤素和氢的电负性差值,r 为卤原子共价半径;pK_a=0.052 3A+0.075E-79.20(3)A 为质子的亲合能,E 为氢键键能. Three empirical equations for calculating the hydrohalic acid strength (pK_a) are derived from three factors that influence the hydrohalic acid strength (halide radius or halogen covalent radius, elemental electronegativity, proton affinities): pK_a = -84lgr + 0.061 8 ((M-1) ~ 5-1) ~ (1/2) +182.40 (1) where r is the radius of the halide ion and M is the number of cycles where halogen is present; pK_a = 920 ) ~ (1/2) / r-16 (2) △ ​​X is the electronegativity difference between halogen and hydrogen, r is the covalent radius of the halogen atom; pK_a = 0.052 3A + 0.075E-79.20 Affinity, E is a hydrogen bond energy.