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探讨杂交水稻品种的生态适应性,为超高产杂交水稻品种合理选用提供依据。在低温寡日照生态区,以生态适应型品种(筑优606和黔优108)及生态敏感型品种(Y两优2号和Y两优302)为试验材料,比较研究了2种类型水稻品种的产量形成、氮素吸收与利用、根系特性的差异。结果表明:与生态适应型品种相比,生态敏感型品种的产量平均降低了13.8%,其中结实率和千粒质量分别降低了9.9%和15.5%;较生态适应型品种,生态敏感型品种在分蘖中期、抽穗期和成熟期的氮素积累量分别降低18.8%、10.8%和14.5%,氮肥吸收利用率降低了17.9%,生态敏感型品种在抽穗期的茎叶含氮量呈降低趋势,成熟期的茎叶含氮量及比例均呈增加趋势,氮素转运量和氮素转运率分别降低了24.6%和19.4%;生态敏感型水稻品种在抽穗抽穗期和成熟期根系伤流强度分别降低了8.8%和21.6%。籽粒库容充实差是低温寡日照地区杂交水稻品种适应性的主要产量特征,而生育中后期氮素营养积累少、转运率不高是影响产量的重要生理原因。
The ecological adaptability of hybrid rice varieties was explored to provide the basis for rational selection of super high-yielding hybrid rice varieties. In the low-temperature and oligo-sunshine ecological zone, ecotypes (Zhuyou 606 and Qianyou 108) and ecotypes (Y Liangyou 2 and Y Liangyou 302) were used as experimental materials to compare two types of rice varieties Yield formation, nitrogen uptake and utilization, root system differences. The results showed that the yield of ecologically sensitive cultivars decreased by 13.8% on average compared with that of ecotypes, and the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight decreased by 9.9% and 15.5% respectively. Compared with ecotypes and ecotypes, The nitrogen accumulation in the mid-tillering stage, the heading stage and the maturity stage were reduced by 18.8%, 10.8% and 14.5%, respectively, and the nitrogen absorption and utilization rate decreased by 17.9%. The nitrogen content in the stems and leaves of the ecologically sensitive cultivars decreased at heading stage, Nitrogen content and its proportion in stem and leaf at maturity increased with the increase of nitrogen transport and nitrogen translocation by 24.6% and 19.4%, respectively. The root trauma intensity at the heading and heading stage A decrease of 8.8% and 21.6% respectively. Grain fullness is the main yield characteristics of adaptability of hybrid rice varieties in low temperature and low solar radiation area, while less nitrogen nutrient accumulation and low translocation rate are important physiological factors affecting yield.