类风湿关节炎(RA)是一种慢性自身免疫疾病,目前其发病机制尚未明确,也没有特效药物。新型有效免疫调节药物的发现对RA的有效治疗至关重要。腺苷是一种嘌呤核苷,也是一类重要的免疫调节信号分子,与细胞膜表面的腺苷受体(ARs)结合,ARs为G蛋白偶联腺苷受体有四种亚型,包括A_1AR、A_(2A)AR、A_(2B)AR、A_3AR。被活化的ARs调控促炎细胞因子及抗炎细胞因子释放,从而调节多种免疫细胞功能,参与RA的发生、发展,是RA治疗的潜在靶点。本文围绕腺苷及其受体各亚型在RA发生、发展中作用的研究新进展及针对调节腺苷及受体功能的药物研发新动态进行综述。 Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease whose pathogenesis is unclear and has no specific drugs. The discovery of new effective immunomodulatory drugs is crucial for the effective treatment of RA. Adenosine is a purine nucleoside, also an important class of immunomodulatory signaling molecules, which bind to the adenosine receptors (ARs) on the surface of cell membranes. ARs are G protein-coupled adenosine receptors with four subtypes, including A_1AR , A_ (2A) AR, A_ (2B) AR, A_3AR. Activated ARs regulate the release of proinflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby regulating a variety of immune cell functions, involved in the occurrence and development of RA, which is a potential target for the treatment of RA. This review focuses on the recent advances in the development and progression of adenosine and its receptor subtypes in RA, as well as the recent advances in drug development targeting adenosine and its receptor functions.