一、屈家岭一石家河文化的定义、分期、年代及环境背景屈家岭和石家河文化遗存都是在20世纪50年代中期发现的。当时在湖北京山县的屈家岭遗址和天门县石家河遗址分别发现了两种不同的新石器时代晚期遗存,年代相当于当时所知的仰韶文化晚期和龙山文化时期,以后分别被命名为屈家岭文化和石家河文化。现在看来这两种文化年代紧密相接,文化发展程度基本相当,社会发展阶段也基本一致,很难分开讲述,因此本文合称为“屈家岭—石家河文化”。但在需要分开讲述时也用屈家岭文化和石家河文化这样的名称,代表不同的时期。这一文化的前身就是当地的大溪文化,人群的主体也应当来自大溪文化,但文化和社会的面貌则发生了很大的改变。 I. Definition, Stage, Age and Environmental Background of Qujialing-Shijiahe Culture Qujialing and Shijiahe cultural relics were discovered in the mid-1950s. At that time, two different Neolithic relics were found in Qujialing site of Jingshan County in Hubei Province and Shijiahe Site of Tianmen County, respectively. The ages were equivalent to the late Yangshao and Longshan cultural periods known at the time, and were named as Qu Jialing culture and Shijiahe culture. Now it seems that these two cultures are in close contact with each other, with basically equal levels of cultural development and basically the same stages of social development. It is hard to tell apart. Therefore, this article is collectively referred to as “Qu Jialing - Shijiahe Culture.” However, when the need for separate narratives also use the names of the Qujialing culture and the Shijiahe culture, representing different periods. The predecessor of this culture is the local Dasi culture, the mainstay of the population should come from Dasi culture, but the cultural and social appearance has undergone great changes.