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鞘磷脂特别是鞘脂是髓鞘的主要成分,高度集中在中枢神经系统。在生理和病理生理条件下,具有生物活性的鞘磷脂及其代谢产物以及信号传导过程的重要性正在逐步被人们所认识。鞘脂代谢产物鞘氨醇及其前体物质神经酰胺与细胞生长停滞和凋亡有关,而1-磷酸鞘氨醇与增强细胞增殖、分化和细胞生存以及调节细胞的生理和病理过程有关,具有细胞外第一信使和细胞内第二信使的双重功能。这三者之间的相互转换、鞘脂代谢物的相对水平以及细胞的命运,受到鞘氨醇激酶的活性的强烈影响。鞘氨醇激酶可催化磷酸鞘氨醇产生1-磷酸鞘氨醇。1-磷酸鞘氨醇在中枢神经系统中与G蛋白偶联受体家族结合对中枢神经系统发挥作用。本文对鞘磷脂代谢过程中的鞘氨醇激酶、1-磷酸鞘氨醇及其受体与脑缺血之间的关系进行概述。
Sphingomyelins, especially sphingolipids, are the main components of myelin, highly concentrated in the central nervous system. The importance of bioactive sphingomyelins and their metabolites and signaling processes is gradually recognized under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Sphingomyelin, a sphingolipid metabolite, and its precursor ceramide are involved in cell growth arrest and apoptosis, whereas sphingosine-1 -phosphate is involved in enhancing cell proliferation, differentiation, and cell survival as well as regulating cellular physiological and pathological processes, with The dual function of extracellular first messengers and intracellular second messengers. The interconversion between these three, the relative levels of sphingolipid metabolites, and the fate of cells is strongly influenced by sphingosine kinase activity. Sphingosine kinase can catalyze sphingosine phosphate to generate sphingosine-1 -phosphate. Sphingosine-1 -phosphate plays a role in the central nervous system by binding to the G-protein coupled receptor family in the central nervous system. This article summarizes the relationship between sphingosine kinase, sphingosine-1-phosphate and its receptor and cerebral ischemia in the process of sphingomyelin metabolism.