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几年来对固态器件已做了很大地改善(即雪崩二极管,耿氐二极管,变容二极管和混频二极管等等),这提高了毫米波接收机的整个性能和低噪声特性。由于器件的这些改善,目前完全能够制作固态低噪声毫米波接收机。由于在微波波段相似,低噪声参数,宽带低变频损耗混频器,固态本振都可使用。而且低温冷却参数和混频器也正在研制,其将要达到最佳系统灵敏度。由于这些全固态毫米波元件的灵活性,目前能设计出预卿应用的最佳系统结构,它或是一个先进的通讯系统,采用先进技术的EW应用,一个雷达系统,一个辐射测量系统,或满足正在发展的许多接收机的要求条件的任一条件。本文论述了毫米波波段以及其用于系统设计的正发展的趋向,并叙述了各种接收机系统的性能和其灵敏度的要求条件。本文还论述了系统工作噪声温度概念和其决定的方法及对低噪声元件的应用性,同时也论述了低噪声系统的目前技术水平及在毫米波波段所获得的试验数据。
Solid state devices have greatly improved over the years (ie, avalanche diodes, GX diodes, varactors, mixing diodes, etc.), which improves the millimeter-wave receiver’s overall performance and low noise characteristics. Due to these improvements in devices, solid state low noise millimeter-wave receivers are now fully capable of being fabricated. As the microwave band similar to low noise parameters, low-loss broadband mixer, solid state local oscillator can be used. And cryogenic cooling parameters and mixer are also being developed, it will have to achieve the best system sensitivity. Due to the flexibility of these all-solid-state millimeter-wave components, the best system architecture for pre-opting applications is currently being devised, either as an advanced communications system, advanced technology EW applications, a radar system, a radiometric system, or Any condition that satisfies the requirements of many receivers that are evolving. This article discusses the millimeter-wave band and its ongoing trend toward system design and describes the requirements for the performance and sensitivity of various receiver systems. This paper also discusses the concept of system operating noise temperature and its decision method and its application to low noise components. It also discusses the current state of the art of low noise systems and the experimental data obtained in the millimeter wave band.