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民事习惯是民法典编纂不可忽视的元素,但是当前民事立法对民事习惯的规定形式单一,过于概括。民事立法对民事习惯规范的应对应该是一个任意性规范、强制性规范、禁止性规范共同作用的复杂规范体系,而其中禁止性规范是基础规范。通过具体考察分析复杂的民事习惯实践,结合禁止性规范中效力性禁止、管理性禁止的区分,就会发现对民事习惯的禁止应当是复杂的而非单一的“一刀切”模式,具体来说包括全部的效力性禁止、部分的效力性禁止、管理性禁止和不得禁止四种规范应对。同时为了表意的准确,禁止性规范表述上采用不同的规范语词也是必要的,根据不同情况可以采用“不得”、“禁止”、“不得禁止”等语词。只有细致地分析认识民事习惯的复杂性以及对其禁止的复杂性,才是对待民事习惯的合理态度。
Civilian customs are elements that can not be ignored in the compilation of civil codes, but the current civil legislation provides for a single, over-generalized definition of civil customs. The response of civil legislation to the norms of civil practice should be a complex normative system of arbitrary norms, mandatory normative norms, and the prohibitive norms are the basic norms. By specifically examining and analyzing complicated civil practice and combining the distinction between prohibition of validity and prohibition of administrative prohibition, we find that the prohibition on civil customs should be a complex rather than a single “one size fits all” model. Specifically, Said to include all the effectiveness of the ban, part of the effectiveness of the ban, the prohibition of management and shall not ban four kinds of normative response. At the same time, in order to express the meaning accurately, it is necessary to prohibit the use of different normative words in the normative expressions. According to different situations, words such as “not allowed”, “prohibited” and “prohibited” should be adopted. Only a careful analysis and understanding of the complexity of civil customs and the prohibition of their complexity is the reasonable attitude towards civil customs.