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造血干细胞(hematopoietic stem cell,HSC)是发现最早、研究较多、在临床中广泛应用并一直起着范式作用的一类重要的成体组织干细胞。HSC研究被认为是整个干细胞生物学和再生医学的主要奠基学科之一。HSC具有自我更新、多向分化、静息维持、凋亡控制和运动迁移这五大特性。这些特性既相互影响,又互相制约,共同组建成HSC功能的生理调控网络。本文将围绕构成HSC生物学的这五个主要方面在生理条件下的相关研究机制进行综述,旨在通过对HSC功能调控的认识为其它类型的成体干细胞研究及应用提供引领和示范作用,从而为整个干细胞与再生医学的发展奠定坚实的基础。
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the earliest and more studied adult stem cells that have been widely used in clinical practice and have been playing a paradigm role. HSC research is considered one of the major foundational disciplines throughout stem cell biology and regenerative medicine. HSC has five characteristics of self-renewal, multi-directional differentiation, rest maintenance, apoptosis control and movement. These characteristics not only affect each other, but also restrict each other to form HSR physiological control network. In this review, we will review the related research mechanisms of these five major aspects of HSC biology under physiological conditions and aim to provide guidance and demonstration for the research and application of other types of adult stem cells through understanding the functional regulation of HSC. The entire stem cell and the development of regenerative medicine laid a solid foundation.