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为探明不同茶树种质资源夏茶鲜叶的生化成分特性,对武夷山市茶区46份茶树种质资源夏茶鲜叶的主要生化成分进行了评价鉴定和遗传多样性分析。结果发现,武夷山市茶树种质资源夏茶鲜叶生化成分的遗传多样性和变异性丰富,遗传多样性指数和变异系数的平均值分别达到2.04和24.58%。通过多变量的主成分分析,前3个主成分代表了茶树生化成分多样性80.37%的信息。基于生化成分,把46份茶树种质资源聚类划分为3个类群。3个类群除了水浸出物和黄酮类的含量差异不显著外,其他各生化成分均存在显著差异。第Ⅰ类群多数适制绿茶,第Ⅱ类群多数适制红茶,第Ⅲ类群多数适制乌龙茶。从3个类群中初步筛选出高茶多酚特异资源3份、高水浸出物特异资源4份。结果可为武夷山市茶区夏茶资源利用和新品种选育奠定基础。
In order to find out the biochemical components of fresh tea leaves of different tea germplasm resources, the main biochemical components of fresh tea leaves from 46 tea germplasms of Wuyi Mountain were evaluated and the genetic diversity was analyzed. The results showed that the genetic diversity and variability of fresh tea leaves in tea germplasm resources in Wuyishan City were rich and the average genetic diversity index and coefficient of variation were 2.04 and 24.58% respectively. By multivariate principal component analysis, the first three principal components represent 80.37% of the diversity of tea plant biochemical composition. Based on the biochemical composition, 46 tea germplasm resources were divided into three groups. Except for the difference of content of water extract and flavonoids in three groups was not significant, the other biochemical components were significantly different. The first group of most suitable green tea group, most of the second group of suitable black tea, most of the third group of Oolong tea. From the three groups, 3 high-tea polyphenol-specific resources and 4 high-water extract specific resources were screened out. The results can lay the foundation for utilization of summer tea resources and breeding of new varieties in tea area of Wuyi Mountain.