toll样受体(toll-like receptors,TLRs)是新近十余年发现的主要在哺乳动物细胞表面进化上高度保守的受体分子家族,主要通过识别病原相关分子模式(pathogen-associated molecular patterns,PAMPs)来迅速激活天然免疫系统,并且还能够诱导获得性免疫的产生。迄今为止,已经发现哺乳动物至少有13种toll样受体,其中人的toll样受体鉴定出11种(TLR1-TLR11)。在某些肿瘤中TLRs的表达发生量的变化,并且许多微生物组分和药物能够通过TLRs信号通路介导肿瘤的免疫治疗。 Toll-like receptors (toll-like receptors, TLRs) is a family of receptor molecules that have been found to be highly conserved on the surface of mammalian cells in recent ten years. They are mainly identified by pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) ) To rapidly activate the innate immune system and also be able to induce the production of adaptive immunity. To date, mammals have been found to have at least 13 toll-like receptors, of which 11 are human toll-like receptors (TLR1-TLR11). The expression of TLRs changes in some tumors, and many microbial components and drugs can mediate tumor immunotherapy through TLRs signaling pathway.