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目的 探讨大学新生心身障碍的患病率及其个性特征。方法 按不同专业群体分层抽样抽取 541名大学生 ,采用中国心身健康量表和艾森克个性问卷 (EPQ)测试 ,以中国心身健康量表各因子至少有 1项T分≥ 70和L量表T分 <70为心身障碍的筛查标准。结果 541例中符合心身障碍入组诊断标准者 49例 ,占全部受试者的 9.1 % ,且女生的检出率 ( 1 3.70 % )较男生高出 1倍 ( 6.70 % ) ,并以皮肤疾病的检出率最高 ( 2 .8% ) ,余依次为神经系统 ( 2 .0 % )、骨骼肌肉系统 ( 1 .7% )、生殖内分泌系统 ( 1 .3% )和焦虑 ( 1 .3% )等 ;心身障碍组EPQ的精神病质和神经质分均显著高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,并有较低的掩饰分 (P <0 .0 5) ;精神病质与精神病性症状、抑郁、焦虑的关系最密切 (r=0 .32 6～ 0 .51 2 ) ;其次是内外向与消化系统和抑郁呈密切负相关 (r分别为 - 0 .2 98,- 0 .2 92 ) ,神经质则与精神病性症状明显正相关(r=0 .453)。结论 在大学新生中 ,女生比男生更易出现各种心身障碍 ,必须有针对性地进行心理干预 ;心身障碍的大学新生具有明显的个性缺陷 ;神经质和精神病质与心身障碍的关系最密切
Objective To explore the prevalence and personality characteristics of college freshmen with psychosomatic impairment. Methods A total of 541 college students were stratified and sampled by different professional groups. The Chinese Psychosomatic Health Scale and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) were used to test the Chinese Psychosomatic Health Scale with at least one T score ≥ 70 and L scale T points <70 screening criteria for psychosomatic disorders. Results Of the 541 cases, 49 cases met the criteria of psychosomatic impairment, accounting for 9.1% of all subjects, and the prevalence of female students was 1.70% (6.70%) higher than that of boys. (2.0%), skeletal muscle system (1.7%), reproductive and endocrine system (1.3%) and anxiety (1.3% ). The psychotic and neuroticism scores of EPQ in psychosomatic group were significantly higher than those in normal control group (P <0.01), and were lower in occult (P <0.05); psychotic and psychotic Symptoms, depression and anxiety were the most closely related (r = 0.326-0.51 2). Followed by the extroversion was closely related to the digestive system and depression (r = -0.298, -0.2 92). Neuroticism was positively correlated with psychotic symptoms (r = 0.453). Conclusion Among college freshmen, girls are more likely to have various psychosomatic disorders than boys, and psychological intervention must be targeted. Freshmen with psychosomatic disabilities have obvious personality defects. Neuroticism and psychosis are most closely related to psychosomatic disorders