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为了选择黄土高原土壤风蚀区玉米种植最佳集水技术,采用5种不同处理方法(秸秆覆盖、起垄覆膜膜侧种植、起垄无膜、无垄覆膜和常规耕作)对土壤蓄水量和玉米的生理特性进行分析。结果表明:不同处理间土壤蓄水量、叶片叶绿素含量、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)以及产量性状等指标均存在差异,以起垄覆膜膜侧种植为最优种植模式,其耕作层土壤蓄水量在抽雄期(8月9日)比对照高72.3%;整个生育期叶片的叶绿素含量、净光合速率和蒸腾速率分别比对照平均高16.95%、9.77%和16.21%,籽粒产量比对照提高27.28%。表明各种起垄覆盖集水模式对黄土高原土壤风蚀区玉米种植均具有增产效果,其中起垄覆膜膜侧种植集水效应最好,增产效果最优,是该区大面积推广的最佳耕作模式。
In order to select the best water harvesting technology for corn planting in the wind erosion area of the Loess Plateau, five different treatment methods (straw mulching, ridge film mulching, ridgeless film mulching, no ridge mulching and conventional tillage) Quantities and physiological characteristics of maize were analyzed. The results showed that there were differences in soil water storage capacity, leaf chlorophyll content, Pn, WUE, WUE and yield traits among different treatments. In the optimal cropping pattern, soil water storage in the tillage layer was 72.3% higher than that in the control during the tasseling stage (August 9). The chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of the whole growth period were respectively 16.95% , 9.77% and 16.21%, respectively. The grain yield was increased by 27.28% compared with the control. The results showed that all kinds of ridge cover water catchment models had the effect of increasing yield on corn planting in the wind erosion area in the Loess Plateau. The water harvesting effect was the best and the yield was the best, which was the best for large-scale popularization in this area Tillage mode.