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From the perspective of life cycle assessment (LCA),the development,construction,and operation of all kinds of new energy power generation technologies release greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.This sparks concerns about the lowcarbon nature of the new energy power generation technologies.Based on national and international literature review,this paper estimates and compares the GHG emission factors of traditional thermal power generation and new energy power generation technologies in China with the LCA approach.The GHG mitigation potential of new energy power generation technologies as substitution for traditional thermal power generation in China was evaluated,according to the objectives of new energy power generation of the national development planning.The results show that the GHG emission factors of new energy power generation are much lower than that of traditional thermal power generation even with LCA accounting,and the GHG mitigation potential of new energy substitution is huge.