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用药用植物研制生产的植物添加剂,中草药制剂和先导化合物在世界各国受到越来越多的关注。据WHO统计,全球的植物药市场已接近400亿美元。为保护消费者,促进相关产业良性发展,药用植物的鉴别至关重要。鉴别工作应贯穿于植物采收到制成品的全过程,用单一方法显然无法满足此要求,必须将多学科的原理技术结合应用,形成监管链。首先要有好的凭证标本作为参考材料。植物的大体和显微镜检查是经济快速的鉴别技术,化学分析在植物鉴别中亦有重要作用。以上方法各有其局限性,故已开发多种分子生物学方法用于鉴别分析。本文结合作者近年研究,对基于分子生物学和基因组学的药用植物鉴别的研究意义,基于微芯片的植物鉴别策略,分子鉴别的影响因素和实际应用等方面做一评述,提出今后研究应用方向。
Plant medicinal plants developed by the production of additives, Chinese herbal preparations and lead compounds in the world by more and more attention. According to WHO statistics, the global market for botanical drugs has reached nearly 40 billion U.S. dollars. To protect consumers and promote the healthy development of related industries, identification of medicinal plants is essential. Identification should be carried out throughout the entire process of plant harvesting finished products, with a single method is clearly unable to meet this requirement, must be combined with multidisciplinary principles and techniques to form a chain of custody. First of all have a good voucher specimens as a reference material. Gross and microscopic examination of plants is an economical and rapid identification technique and chemical analysis also plays an important role in plant identification. The above methods each have their own limitations, so a variety of molecular biology methods have been developed for discriminatory analysis. Based on the recent researches of the author, this article makes a review on the research significance of identification of medicinal plants based on molecular biology and genomics, the strategy of plant identification based on microchip, the influential factors of molecular identification and practical application, and puts forward the future research directions .