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确定船体结构在焊接以后存在的残余应力及其对使用性能的影响,至今仍然是我们关心的重要课题之一。目前,用热弹塑性有限元法已有可能计算构件在整个焊接过程中的应力应变以及最终的残余应力分布情况,然而这种方法需要大容量的计算机,并且很化费时间。对于一些较简单的情况,采用简化的解析法仍然可以获得相当的精度。本文主要介绍焊接残余应力简要估算法的基本原理和公式。
Determining the residual stresses in hull structures after welding and their impact on serviceability remains one of the important topics we care about today. At present, it has been possible to calculate the stress-strain of the component throughout the welding process and the resulting residual stress distribution using the thermo-elasto-plastic finite element method. However, this method requires a large-capacity computer and takes a long time. For some simpler cases, the use of simplified analytical method can still get considerable accuracy. This article mainly introduces the basic principle and formula of a simple method of welding residual stress.