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目的了解义乌地区儿童常见过敏原的分布特征。方法采用免疫印迹法对1 499例患儿进行血清过敏原检测,按照年龄和月份分组并对结果进行统计分析。结果婴幼儿组以食物性过敏原检出为主,居前4位的是鸡蛋白(8.41%)、海鱼(4.67%)、牛奶(4.36%)和蟹(4.36%);学龄前组以吸入性过敏原检出为主,居前4位的是尘螨组合(33.12%)、屋尘(2.07%)、蟑螂(0.90%)和猫毛(0.90%);学龄组以吸入性过敏原检出为主,居前4位的是尘螨组合(36.54%)、屋尘(2.22%)、蟑螂(0.74%)和猫毛(0.74%)。学龄前组和学龄组过敏原阳性率较婴幼儿组略高,7月-9月是过敏性疾病的高发季节。结论血清过敏原检测可为过敏性疾病患儿明确特异性过敏原,为儿童过敏性疾病的预防、诊断和治疗提供实验室依据。
Objective To understand the distribution characteristics of common allergens in Yiwu children. Methods The serum allergens were detected by immunoblotting in 1 499 children, grouped by age and month, and the results were statistically analyzed. Results The most common food allergens in infants and young children were detected as egg white (8.41%), marine fish (4.67%), milk (4.36%) and crab (4.36%). The most common allergens were detected as dust mites (33.12%), house dust (2.07%), cockroaches (0.90%) and cats (0.90%). The top 4 were dust mite combination (36.54%), house dust (2.22%), cockroach (0.74%) and cat hair (0.74%). The positive rate of allergens in preschool group and school-age group was slightly higher than that in infants and young children. July-September was the high season for allergic diseases. Conclusions Serum allergen test can be used to detect specific allergens in children with allergic diseases and provide laboratory evidence for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of allergic diseases in children.