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在马克思的理论视域中,自由时间是非劳动时间,是扣除了必要生理需要时间之后的非劳动时间,因为生理需要时间的非劳动性而将之归入自由时间领域是对马克思相关界定的误读与误解。自由时间是休闲时间,尽管马克思没有明确使用休闲字眼,但他关于人们在自由时间中所从事的自由活动的相关论述是对休闲的最好诠释。当然,自由时间从根本上说是一种发展时间。马克思的理论旨趣在于探求“一切人自由发展”的现实条件和实现途径,休闲的自由并不等于无的放矢,自由的休闲活动必须渗透主体精神,彰显人的自我发展目的。
In Marx’s theoretical field of vision, free time is non-working time, which is the non-working time after deducting the necessary physiological time because physiology takes the time of non-labor and classifies it into the free time domain is a mistake in the definition of Marx Read and misunderstand. Free time is leisure time, and although Marx did not explicitly use the term leisure, his account of free movement in free time was the best interpretation of leisure. Of course, free time is fundamentally a development time. The theoretical interest of Marx is to explore the realistic conditions and ways of realizing “the free development of all people”. The freedom of leisure does not mean no target. The free leisure activities must permeate the spirit of the main body and demonstrate the purpose of self-development of man.